Chapter 2 Global Tourism PDF

**CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL TOURISM** [The Scale of travel & tourism demand] Travel & Tourism (TnT) has grown and will keep on growing as tourists have had the need and will keep on needing to travel to different destinations thus demand in tourism increasing. Growth in TnT has had Economic, Environmental...

**CHAPTER 2: GLOBAL TOURISM** [The Scale of travel & tourism demand] Travel & Tourism (TnT) has grown and will keep on growing as tourists have had the need and will keep on needing to travel to different destinations thus demand in tourism increasing. Growth in TnT has had Economic, Environmental & Sociocultural impacts on a wide scale. **[Factors affecting tourism demand and how they are managed]** 1. Economic Economic factors also affect tourism demand. Factors that affect tourism demand are managed for example how National Governments of countries manage the factors that affect demand for tourism in their countries. Economic factors include: *the disposable income that people have to spent on travel, amount of money governments spent on tourism.* Disposable income is the remaining part of income after paying tax and buying necessities. National governments invest in travel and tourism by using money for development. An example is when a government uses money to improve the transport facilities such as airports, roads and railways; in addition, a government paying for the marketing of its country as a destination like what Rwanda does with (Visit Rwanda) imprinted on Arsenal Football club jerseys. 2. Social Social factors affect tourism demand. -**Demographics** include the number, age, and level of disposable income of the population of locations. Demographics affect the number of outbound tourists from a country. An example is how some countries have increasing numbers of retired people who have increased disposable income and leisure time to travel, go on holiday or visit friends and relatives. -**Health awareness** has increased globally. Consumers are more aware of the importance of diet, exercise and fresh air for good health. Health awareness has increased the demand for active, outdoor holidays. This awareness has increased the availability of health, fitness and spa products and services with many large hotels providing these to satisfy customer demands. -**Social Consciousness** has increased. Media and social media have increased consumer awareness of other people and the difficulties others face in life and this in turn has seen a demand for socially sustainable tourism increasing. Socially Sustainable Tourism minimises the negative sociocultural impacts of TnT on destinations. It also maximises the positive sociocultural impacts of TnT on destinations. -**Fashion and Trends** affect the demand for tourism products and services. Destinations can become more or less fashionable. A trend is the general direction of change. One trend is for more sustainable tourism. This entails those Eco-friendly destinations are becoming more fashionable. 3\. Technological Technological factors affecting tourism include: transport developments e.g more airports, bigger aircraft and faster trains. Developments in Information Technology (IT) is another for example online booking (use of internet to reserve accommodation or transport etc) and the growth of social media (way of sharing information using the internet). 4\. Political Political factors that affect tourism demand include: -**Terrorism** can deter tourism when attacks take place in a destination. -**War** reduces the number of tourists who want to travel to an affected country. -**Political Stability** is a factor affecting tourism demand. Political instability in a destination can include riots and demonstrations which may be seen in the media. Tourism becomes reduced in a destination where there is political instability. -**Safety and security concerns** are caused by terrorist attacks, war and political instability. These concerns reduce the demand for travel and tourism to affected destinations. Imposed limitations on travel affect tourism demand. National governments can decide to limit tourism e.g. the COVID-19 pandemic caused governments to impose limits on travel within and between countries. 5\. Environmental Environmental factors that can reduce tourism demand include: - Extreme weather such as storms, hurricanes and typhoons - Natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. Increased consumer concern about the environment is becoming a trend and it affects the way people travel and the destinations they are likely to choose to visit. 6\. Health Health factors affect the level of tourism demand. In 2020 the world began to be badly affected by a pandemic which was caused by the COVID-19 virus. The disease spread around the world and affected tourism demand. The risk of disease reduces tourism demand. Pandemics reduce tourism demand greatly. **[Reasons for the Growth of Sustainable Tourism]**