Communication Basics - Lecture Notes

Communication BSN , MSN INS , Khyber Medical University [email protected]  Objectives At the end of this unit students will be able to 1. Define communication, elements of the communication process, ways of communication. 2. Identify the characteristic...

Communication BSN , MSN INS , Khyber Medical University [email protected]  Objectives At the end of this unit students will be able to 1. Define communication, elements of the communication process, ways of communication. 2. Identify the characteristics of the effective verbal communication 3. Describe the factors that's facilitate and interfere with the effective communication 4. Define ways to respond therapeutically 5. Identify non therapeutically respond 6. Discuss the legal aspects of documentation  Communication Communication is regarded as a two- way process of exchanging ideas, feelings, emotion and information so as to – To increase knowledge – To change existing patterns of behavior & attitudes – To acquire new skills. It has two main purposes: To influence others To gain information  Components of Communication It has the following main components Sender (source, communicator) Receiver (Audience) Message (content) Channels (medium or pathway) Feedback (effect)  Components of Communication Sender: A sender is a person who encodes & sends the message to the expected receiver through an appropriate channel. A sender is the source of the message that is generated to be delivered to the receiver after appropriate stimulus from the referent.  Components of Communication Message: The message is the content of communication & may contain verbal, nonverbal or symbolic language. Perception & personal factors of the sender & receiver may sometimes distort this element & the intended outcome of communication may not be achieved. For ex, the same message may be communicated or perceived differently by two individuals.  Components of Communication Channel: A channel is a medium through which a message is sent or received between two or more people. Several channels can be used to send or receive the message, i.e seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, & tasting. While selecting channels of communication, several factors must be considered: availability of channels , purpose, suitability, types of receivers, types of message, preference of sender & receivers, communication skills of the sender, cost, etc.  Components of Communication Classification of channels of communication: Visual channel: Facial expression, body language, posture, gestures, pictures & written words, electronic mails, mass media, etc. Auditory channel: Spoken words, sounds, telephone or mobile communications, delivering audio content (radio, voicemail), etc. Tactile channel: Touch sensations, therapeutic touch, etc. Combined channel: Audiovisual media,  Components of Communication Receiver: A receiver is an individual or a group of individuals intended to receive, decode & interpret the message sent by the sender/source of message. A receiver also known as decoder. He is expected to have the ability & skills to receive, decode & interpret the message  Types of Communication 1. One way communication 2. Two way communication 3. Verbal communication 4. Non-verbal communication 5. Formal and informal communication 6. Visual communication 7. Telecommunication and internet  One Way Communication The flow of communication is “one-way” from the communicator to the audience. Example - Lectures in classroom  Two Way Communication Two-way method of communication in which both communicator and audience take part. Learning is active More likely to influence behavior.  Verbal Communication In Verbal communication, Spoken words are used. It includes face-to-face conversations, speech. The words used vary among individuals according to culture, socioeconomic background, age, and education.  Characteristics of effective verbal communication Simplicity Use of commonly understood words Clarity Say exactly what it means Timing and relevance This involves being sensitive to the clients' needs and concerns Adaptability Spoken message needs to be altered in accordance with behavioral cues from the receiver Credibility the quality of being trusted & believed  Nonverbal communication Communication can occur even without words. It includes whole range of bodily movements, postures, gestures and facial expression. Silence is non verbal communication, it can speak louder than words.  Visual communication The visual form of communication comprise ; Charts Graphs Pictograms Tables Maps posters  Telecommunication and internet Telecommunication is the process of communication over distance using electromagnetic instruments designed for the purpose. For example radio, TV, internet , telephones, satellite etc  Levels of communication Intrapersonal communication Interpersonal communication Transpersonal communication Small group communication Public communication  Intrapersonal communication It occurs within an individual. This level of communication is also called self talk, inner thought and inner dialogue.  Interpersonal communication It is one to one interaction between the nurse and another person that often occurs face to face. Meaningful interpersonal communication results in exchange of ideas, problem solving, expression of feelings, decision making and personal growth.  References Andrea Ackermann, Mount St. Mary College, Critical-thinking-the-nursing- process 2001. http://www.umanitoba.ca/nursing/cou rses/128,(2005 ) Sara-jo Wiscombe, Nursing Process ,Wallace Community College ,May 22,2001. Tucker C, MODULE A INTRODUCTION TO