CHN1 2023-2024-1 Family PDF

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte THE FAMILY Wiljohn M.A.deValencia, Kristel Gail la Cruz,RN MAN, LPT Professor Instructor CHN1 2023-2024-1...

Laoag City, Ilocos Norte THE FAMILY Wiljohn M.A.deValencia, Kristel Gail la Cruz,RN MAN, LPT Professor Instructor CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 1 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte FAMILY AS A BASIC UNITOF THE SOCIETY FAMILY  According to the U.S. Census Bureau (USCB, 2015) “a householder and one or more other people living in the same household who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption.” This definition is workable for gathering comparative statistics but has limitations when assessing a family for its health concerns or support people available because some families are made up of unrelated couples, and at points in life, not all family members live together.  Allender (2013) defines the family in a much broader context as “two or more people who live in the same household, share a common emotional bond, and perform certain interrelated social tasks.” This is a better working definition for healthcare providers because it addresses the broad range of types of families apt to be encountered in healthcare settings.  A family is a group of persons usually living together and composed of the headand other persons related to the head by blood, marriage, or adoption. It includes both the nuclear and extended family (Famorca et al, 2013).  A social group characterized by common residence, economic cooperation, and reproduction. It includes both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or two children.  It is a group of people united by ties of marriage, blood or adoption (Burgess and Locke, 1992)  A unity of interacting persons related by ties of marriage, birth or adoption, who’s central purpose is to create and maintain a common culture which promotes the physical, mental, emotional, and social development of each of its members (Duvall, 1971)  Composed of two or more people who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness and who identify themselves as being part of the family (Friedman, 2003) FAMILY HEALTH  Define as a dynamic changing relative state of well-being which includes the biological, psychological, spiritual, sociological, and cultural factors of the family systems.  It is concerned with how well the family functions together as a unit. It involves not only the health of the members and how they relate to other members but also how well they relate to and cope with the community, outside the family. FAMILY AS A CLIENT  Friedman et al 2003 suggest reasons nurses need to work with families: a. The family is a critical resource. b. In a family unit, any dysfunction that affects one or more family members will affect the members and unit as a whole. c. “Cases finding” while assessing an individual and family, the nurse may identify a health problem that necessitates identifying risks for the entire family. d. “Improving nursing care”. CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 2 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte FAMILY AS SYSTEM  Members of the system are expected to respond to each other in a certain way according to their role, which is determined by relationship agreements.  Within the boundaries of the system, patterns develop as certain family members behavior is caused by and causes other family members behavior in predictable ways  Parke (2002) stated that there are three subsystems of the family that are most important: 1. Parent-child subsystem 2. Martial subsystem 3. Sibling-sibling subsystem For the purposes of assessing families, two basic family types can be described: A. Family of orientation B. Family of procreation FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY 1. PROCREATION - for reproductivefunction and childbearing. 2. SOCIALIZATION OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS - socialization is the process of learning how to become productivemembers of society. It involves the transmission of the culture of a social group. For children, the family is the first teacher, instructing the children in societal rules. 3. ECONOMIC FUNCTION-(Medina 2001) - observes that a rural familyis a unit of production where the whole family works as a team, participating in farming, fishing, or cottage industries. The urban family is more of a unit of consumption where economically productive members work separately to earn salaries or wages. It is also a frequent occurrence that families may engage in business enterprises, thereby serving as units of production. 4. PHYSICAL MAINTENANCE - The family provides for the survival needs of its independent members. 5. WELFARE AND PROTECTION - Family supports spouses or partners by providing companionship and meeting, affective, sexual, and socioeconomic needs. - By developing a sense of love and belonging the family gives the children emotional gratification and psychological security (Medina, 2001). TYPE OF FAMILY According to structure 1. Nuclear  A father, and a mother with child/children living together but apart from both sets of parents and other relatives.  A family of marriage, parenthood, or procreation; is composed of a husband, wife, and immediate children, adopted or both(Friedman et al 2003). CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 3 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte 2. Extended  Composed of two or more nuclear families economically and socially related to each other. Multigenerational, including married brothers and sisters, and families. 3. Single parent  Divorced or separated, unmarried or widowed male or female with at least one child.  Results from the death of a spouse, separation, orpregnancy outside of wedlock. 4. Blended/ reconstituted  A combination of two families with children from both families and sometimes children from both families and sometimes children of the newly married couple. It is also a remarriage with children from a previous marriage.  Results from a union where one or both spouses bring achild or children from a previous marriage into a new living arrangement. 5. Compound  One man/ woman with several spouses.  A man has more than one spouse; approved by Philippine authorities only among Muslims by virtue of Presidential DecreeNo. 1083, also known as the Code Laws of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines (Office of the President, 1977). 6. Communal - more than one monogamous couple sharing resources. 7. Cohabiting/ live-in  An unmarried couple living together.  Old, unmarried couples live together usually because of companionship or financial reasons. 8. Dyad - husband and wife or other couple living alone without children. 9. Gay/ lesbian - a homosexual couple, male or female lives together with or without adopted children 10. No-kin- a group of at least two people sharing a relationship and exchanging support who have no legal or blood tie to each other. 11. Foster- substitute family for children whose parents are unable to care for them. 12. Institutional Family - Children in orphanages, residential schools, and correctional institutions. CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 4 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte Based on Residence arrangements on where the newlyweds will reside; 1. Patrilocal - requires the newlywed couple to live with the family of the bridegroom or near the residence of the parents of the bridegroom. 2. Matrilocal - requires the newlywed couple to live with or near the residence of the bride’s parents 3. Neolocal - provides the newly wed couples the choice of staying with either the groom’s parents or the bride’s parents, depending on factors like the relative wealth of the families or their status, the wishes of their parents or certain personal preferences of the bride or the groom. 4. Bilocal - it gives the couple a choice of staying with either the groom’s parents or the bride’s parents. 5. Avuncolocal - prescribes the newlywed couple to reside with or near the maternal uncle of the groom. Based on Decision in the family (Authority) 1. PATRIARCHAL - full authority on the father or any male member of the family. 2. MATRIARCHAL - full authority of the mother or any female member of the family. 3. EGALITARIAN - husband and wife exercise a more or less amount of authority, father and mother decide or the husband and wife exercise a more or less equal amount of authority 4. DEMOCRATIC - everybody is involved in decision-making. 5. AUTHOCRATIC - no one is involved in decision-making 6. LAISSEZ-FAIRE - “full autonomy” 7. MATRICENTRIC - the mother decides/ takes a change in the absence of the father (the father is working overseas) 8. PARTICENTRIC - the father decides/ takes charges in absence of mother. Based on Decent (cultural norms, which affiliate a person with a particular group of kinsman for certain social purposes) 1. PATRILINEAL – affiliates a person with a group of relatives who are related to him through his father. 2. MATRILINEAL –affiliates a person with a group of relatives through his or her mother 3. BILATERAL –affiliates a person with a group of relatives related through both his or her parents CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 5 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte FUNCTIONS AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES OF A FAMILY Nurses are familiar with the developmental states of individuals from prenatal through adulthood. Duvall (Duvall and Miller, 1985), a noted sociologist is the forerunner of a focus on family development. In her classic work, she identified stages that normal family’s transverse from marriage to death. FAMILY LIFE CYCLE  Families grow and develop as the individuals within them mature and adapt to changes. A family’s composition, set of roles, and interpersonal relationships change with time.Families, too, vary with each stage of the family life cycle.  Community health nurses who are knowledgeable about this cycle can provide anticipatoryguidance to families. FORMING A PARTNERSHIP AGING FAMILY CHILDBEARING MEMBERS MIDDLE-AGED PRE-SCHOOL PARENTS AGE LAUNCHING CENTER SCHOOL AGE TEENAGE CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 6 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte To assess the family, the community health nurse must comprehend these phases and the struggles that families experience while going through them. STAGE DUVALLS’ DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES AND TASKS TASK Beginning family 1. Establish identified and mutually satisfying marriage 2. Realign relationships with extended family to include spouse 3. Make a decision about parenthood Childbearing family 1. Integrate infant into the family (birth- 2 ½ years) 2. Find mutually satisfying ways to deal with childcare responsibilities 3. Expand relationships with extended family by adding parenting and grandparenting roles Families with 1. Socialize the children preschool children 2. Integrate new children while still meeting the needs with other children (1 ½ yrs old) 3. Maintain healthy relationships within the family (marital and parent- child) and outside the family (extended family and community) 4. Adjusting to the cost of family life 5. Adapting to the needs of pre-school child to simulate 6. Coping with parental loss of energy and privacy Families with 1. Promote school achievement and foster the healthy peer relations with the school-aged children children (6-13 yrs 2. Maintain a satisfying marital relationships old) 3. Meet the physical health needs of the family 4. Adjusting to the activity of school age children 5. Promoting joint decisions between children and parents Families with 1. Balance freedom with responsibility as teenagers mature and become teenager and young more autonomous adults (13-20 yrs 2. Maintaining open communication among parents and children old) 3. Supporting ethical and moral values within the family 4. Releasing adults with appropriate rituals and assistance 5. Strengthening marital relationships 6. Maintaining a supportive home base Families launching 1. Develop adult-adult relationships with grown children young adults (1st to 2. Expand family circle to include new members acquired by the marriage last child leaving of grown children home) 3. Assist aging and ill parents of husband and wife 4. Renew and negotiate marital relationships Middle aged parents 1. Strengthen marital relationship (empty nest to 2. Provide health promoting lifestyle retirement) 3. Sustain satisfying relationships with aging parents ang children Aging family 1. Maintain satisfying living arrangement (retirement to death 2. Adjust to reduced income of both spouses) 3. Maintain marital relationships 4. Continue to make sense of one’s existence 5. Maintain intergenerational family ties 6. Adjust to loss of spouse CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 7 | 8  Laoag City, Ilocos Norte FAMILY HEALTH TASK (Freeman and Heinrich, 1981) 1. Recognizing interruptions of health development 2. Making decisions about seeking health care/ to take action 3. Dealing effectively health and non-health situations 4. Providing care to all members of the family 5. Maintaining a home environment conductive to health maintenance 6. Maintaining a reciprocal relationship with the community and its health institution CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILY De Frain (1999) and Montalvo (2004) a. Members interact with each other, they communicate and listen repeatedly in many contexts. b. Healthy families can establish priorities. Members understand that family needs are the priority. c. Healthy families affirm, support, and respect each other. d. The members engage in flexible role relationships, share power, respond to changes, support the members and autonomy of others, and engage in decision-making that affects them. e. The family teaches societal values and beliefs and shares a spiritual core. f. Healthy families foster responsibility and value service. g. Healthy families have a sense of play and humor and share leisure time. h. Have the ability to cope with stress and crisis and grow from problems. They know when to seek help from professionals. IMPLICATIONS FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES  Community health nurses can no longer hold to a myth that idealizes thetraditional nuclear family.  The structure of an individual’s family may change several times over alifetime.  Each type of family structure creates different issues and problems that, in turn, influence a family’s ability to perform basic functions. CHN1 2023-2024-1 by WDC, MAN, LPT P a g e 8 | 8