Chinese Language Notes PDF

**Ni ne**: what about\ \ Wõ yẽ hẽn hão\ \ **Nǐ jiào shén me míng zi**: whats your name\ \ **Wo jiào** an Dia jia hao: welcome\ \ **Hěn gāo xìng rèn shi nǐ**: nice to meet you\ \ **gāo xìng**: glad **Rèn shi**: to know( of someone)\ \ **Wo rèn shi ni**\ \ Here are some common country names in Chine...

**Ni ne**: what about\ \ Wõ yẽ hẽn hão\ \ **Nǐ jiào shén me míng zi**: whats your name\ \ **Wo jiào** an Dia jia hao: welcome\ \ **Hěn gāo xìng rèn shi nǐ**: nice to meet you\ \ **gāo xìng**: glad **Rèn shi**: to know( of someone)\ \ **Wo rèn shi ni**\ \ Here are some common country names in Chinese along with their pronunciations (in Pinyin): 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. **Guó:** country **Zhong**: middle\ \ **nǐ shì nǎ guó rén:** What is your nationality ?\ **Wo shi**: I am\ \ **I am**: 我是 (Wǒ shì) - - - **You are**: 你是 (Nǐ shì) - - - **He is**: 他是 (Tā shì) - - - **Na or na ge**: which\ \ \ \ \ **Key Vocabulary** 1. 2. 3. 4. #### **Family Members** - - - - - - #### **Possessive Words** 1. - 2. - #### **Key Phrases** 1. - 2. - **1. Key Vocabulary: Language** **Chinese** **Pinyin** **English** ------------- ------------ ---------------------------- 语言 yǔyán Language 中文 Zhōngwén Chinese (language) 英文 Yīngwén English (language) 法语 Fǎyǔ French 日语 Rìyǔ Japanese 韩语 Hányǔ Korean 说话 shuōhuà To speak 学习 xuéxí To learn/study 会 huì Can (know how to) 不会 bú huì Cannot (don't know how to) ### **2. Sentence Patterns** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - ### **3. Example Conversations** #### **Conversation 1: Basic Introduction** **A:** 你会说中文吗？\ *(Nǐ huì shuō Zhōngwén ma?)\ *\"Do you speak Chinese?\" **B:** 会，我会说一点儿中文。\ *(Huì, wǒ huì shuō yìdiǎnr Zhōngwén.)\ *\"Yes, I can speak a little Chinese.\" #### **Conversation 2: Learning a Language** **A:** 你在学习什么语言？\ *(Nǐ zài xuéxí shénme yǔyán?)\ *\"What language are you learning?\" **B:** 我在学习韩语。你呢？\ *(Wǒ zài xuéxí Hányǔ. Nǐ ne?)\ *\"I am learning Korean. What about you?\" **A:** 我在学习日语。\ *(Wǒ zài xuéxí Rìyǔ.)\ *\"I am learning Japanese.\" ### **4. Practice Phrases** - - - **yì diǎn diǎn**: a little bit **Lesson Notes: Day 9 - \"Who is she?\" (她是谁?)** #### **Key Vocabulary** 1. 2. 3. 4. #### **Family Members** - - - - - - #### **Possessive Words** 1. - 2. - #### **Key Phrases** 1. - 2. - #### **Sentence Structure** - #### **Practice** Translate: 1. 2. 3. **Cultural Note:\ 的 (de)** is used for possession but can be omitted in informal, close relationships (e.g., **我妈妈** instead of **我的妈妈**) **Key Vocabulary** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. #### **Key Grammar** 1. - - - - 2. - - - - #### **Example Sentences** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - #### **Cultural Notes** 1. 2. 3. **DAY 13: 职业/工作 (Zhì Yè/Gōng Zuò)** ### **Introduction** Today\'s lesson focuses on the topic of professions (职业) and work (工作). You\'ll learn vocabulary related to jobs and occupations, phrases for describing work, and common questions and answers about professions. ### **Vocabulary** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ### **Common Sentences and Phrases** #### **Talking About Your Job** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. #### **Asking About Someone's Work** 1. 2. 3. #### **Describing Work** 1. 2. 3. 4. ### **Chinese Lesson: Describing People, Things, Asking Questions, and Using Negatives** In this lesson, we will learn how to describe people and things using adjectives, ask questions, and form negative sentences. ### **1. Basic Structure for Describing Things** To describe something or someone in Chinese, the basic structure is: - - #### **Example Sentences:** - - - - ### **2. Common Adjectives for Describing People and Things** Here are some useful adjectives: - - - - - - - - - - - ### **3. Asking Questions** To form **yes/no questions**, we use the question marker **\"吗\"** (ma) at the end of the sentence. #### **Using \"是\" (shì) for Identity or Definition Questions:** - - #### **Using \"很\" (hěn) for Degree Questions:** - - ### **4. Negative Sentences** To make **negative** sentences in Chinese, we use **\"不\"** (bù), which means **\"not\"**. This is used to negate verbs and adjectives. #### **Using \"不\" (bù) for Negatives:** - - - - ### **5. Summary of Key Points:** 1. - 2. - 3. - 4. - #### **1. Numbers 1 to 10: The Building Blocks** First, let's memorize the numbers from 1 to 10. These are the basic building blocks, and we'll use them to form larger numbers. - - - - - - - - - - #### **2. Tens: How to Build Numbers from 10 to 99** In Chinese, **10** is a base number that combines with others to form multiples of ten. - - - So, **20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90** are built by combining the number with **十**. #### **3. Numbers from 11-19: Adding the Unit** For **11 to 19**, you start with **十** (shí) for \"ten,\" and then you add the numbers 1-9 after it. - - - - So, **十一** (shí yī) to **十九** (shí jiǔ) follow this pattern: **十 + number** (1-9). #### **4. Numbers 21-29, 31-39, 41-49, etc.** For numbers between 21-29, 31-39, 41-49, and so on, you use **十** (shí) for the base ten (just like we did for 20, 30, 40), then add the unit number. For example: - - - - ### **Chinese Lesson: Day 16 - What is Your Phone Number?** #### **Key Vocabulary:** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. #### **Key Sentence Patterns:** 1. 2. They usually use yao for 1 in the numbers instead of yi to idffferentiate between yi and qi Ling is 0\ \ When reciting phone numbers in Chinese, **\"1\" (一)** is often pronounced as **\"yāo\"**, especially for clarity, and **\"0\"** is pronounced as **\"líng\"\ \ \ Structure** **Chinese numbers follow a place value system:** - - #### **Examples:** - - ### **Rules** 1. - - 2. - - 3. - - ### **Special Rules** 1. - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - ### **Examples** - - - - **This concise structure and rules make it simple to form any number between 100-999 in Chinese.** ### **Chinese Numbers 1000--10000: Using \"千\" (qiān) and \"万\" (wàn)** ### **Structure** **Chinese numbers between 1000 and 10000 follow a place value system, with 千 (qiān, \"thousand\") and 万 (wàn, \"ten thousand\") as key markers.** ### **Key Components** 1. - - - - 2. - - - - ### **Rules for Forming Numbers** 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - - 4. - - - - 5. - - - - ### **Using \"万\" (wàn)** 1. - - - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - - **\ LESSON: How old are you?\ \ \ Here are the full examples with both questions and appropriate answers:** 1. - - - - 2. - - - - 3. - - - - **Lesson how many:\ \ ** **These are typical answers depending on how you phrase the question!** 1. - - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - - **\ \ Here is a more detailed version of Lesson 22 on Chinese measure words, with 3 examples for each:** ### **Measure Words (m.w.):** 1. - - - 2. - - - 3. - - - 4. - - - 5. - - - 6. - - - 7. - - - 8. - - -