China .pptx

China is the world’s largest nation in terms of population, and one of the oldest continuing civilizations, going back more than six thousand years ago. It has the world’s oldest written language, continuously used, unlike cuneiform and other ancient languages which are no longer used. Its four grea...

China is the world’s largest nation in terms of population, and one of the oldest continuing civilizations, going back more than six thousand years ago. It has the world’s oldest written language, continuously used, unlike cuneiform and other ancient languages which are no longer used. Its four greatest inventions - paper, China’s cultural influence extends beyond its boundaries, because the Chinese people, religion, culture and the language are found in Japan, Korea, Indochina, Philippines and Chinese communities around the world. China’s name came from the Qin (Chin) emperor (221 BC), and persians and Indians knew the country as “cin” or “cina”. Other names of China in history were “sinae,” or “sino.” Filipinos call it “Tsina,” and refer to the Chinese as “intsik,” or “singkit” (slanteyed). Mandarin Chinese call their country China’s history comprises a total of 10 dynasties (a sequence of rulers from the same family or group) that successfully ruled the country. The Red Dragon The Chinese have long used the symbolism of the legendary dragon in their folklore and mythology to represent power, success and good fortune. Indeed, being born in the Year of the Dragon is about the best set of circumstances you could hope for in Chinese culture. Major Land and Water forms in China Huang he River and Yangtze River Gobi and Taklamakan Desert Himalayas Mountain and Kunlun Mountain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Abacus calculator Agricultural cultivation of rice, millet, soybeans and tea Agricultural implements - triangular plow, iron plow, wheelbarrow, winnowing fan, seed drill, irrigation pumps. Architecture - pagoda and stupa (also claimed by India), building bracket, open spandrel segmented arch bridge, suspension bridge, canal locks, four entrances (North, South, East, and West0 Beverages : Beer, tea, etc. Burial coffins, jade burial suits, burial urns Calendar of animal zodiac and lunar calendar Calligraphy Chopsticks, spoon, and fork Civil Service Exams for professional and government employees Fireworks Fuel - coal, petroleum oil, natural gas in cylinders Housewares – rotary fan air conditioning, door handle, locks, toothbrush, mirrors, umbrella, fan, etc. Mathematics - positive and negative numbers, decimal fractions, parallelograms, spherical trigonometry Silk, silk loom and silk industry Climate of China China's climate varies from bitter cold in winter to unbearable heat in summer. The Yangtze River serves as China's official dividing line between north and south. Given the size and varied landscape of the country, there is no one time in the year when Chinese weather is ideal. Of course, the warmest areas in winter are to be found in the South and Southwest, such as Sichuan, Banna in Yunnan, and Hainan Island. In summer the coolest spots are in the far northeast. Part of China Climate 1. North China - Northern winters, from December to March, can be extremely cold. Beijing generally experiences a temperature of -20C, dry and no sun. Further north, temperatures reaching -40C are not uncommon - During the summer, from May to August, temperatures in Beijing can hit 38C (100F), coinciding with the rainy season for the city. 2. Central - Winters there, with temperatures dropping well below freezing, can be as cold as in Beijing, China particularly as there is no heating in public buildings south of the Yangtze. Part of China Climate 3. South China - The summer is a season of typhoons between July and September. Temperatures can rise to around 38C. Winters are short, between January and March. It's not as cold as in the north, but you'd better bring warm clothes with you while visiting. - Autumn and spring can be good times to visit, with day temperatures in the 20C to 25C (68F to 75F) range. Sometimes, it can be miserably wet and cold, with rain or drizzle. 4. Northwest China - It gets hot in summer, dry and sunny. The desert regions can be scorching in the daytime. Turpan, which sits in a depression 150m below sea level, is referred to as the 'hottest place in China' with maximums of around 47C. - In winter this region is as severely cold as the rest of northern China. Temperatures in Turpan during Winter are only slightly more favorable to human existence. - This area of China experiences little rain, and as a consequence, the air is very dry. Summers, however, can exceed 40C, while winters may drop to -10C. Xi Jinping President of China Personal Stats Age : 70 Residence : Beijing, China Citizenship : Chinese Marital Status : Married Children : 1 Education : Bachelor of Arts/Science, Tsinghua University; Doctor of Jurisprudence, Tsinghua University Zhou or Chou Dynasty 1050-221 BCE - Vassal state of Shang Dynasty and lived in the western frontier of China in the Wei Valley and had their capital near Sian(Xian). - The Zhou or Chou was founded by the King Wen and Wu reigned for more than 800 years with 37 kings. (It ruled the longest period of all the Chinese dynasties.) - The dynasty is divided into two periods 1. Western or Early Chou (1027-771 BCE) 2. Eastern or Late Chou ( 770-221 BCE) - Which was further subdivided into the Spring and Autumn periods (Known as the period of violence - The Chou dynasty nevertheless was characterized by agricultural productivity - They started the use of irontipped plow and other iron tolls revolutionized agriculture. - More land at the Yangtze Valley was cultivated as forest areas were cleared. Public works such as flood control, irrigation projects, and canals digging were undertaken. - Book of Poetry - written of thoughts from the people during the Zhou dynasty. - The Chou saw the emergence of Chinese Philosophers: Chinese Philosophers Qin or Ch’in Dynasty 221-206 BCE - Zhing who later renamed himself Shih Huang Di or First Emperor ruled the Qin or Ch’in who is characterized with Authoritarianism. - Ch’in is the first imperial dynasty. - Shih Huang Di subscribed the legalist philosophy and banned other schools of thought - As an initial act, Shih Huang Di ordered the burning and destruction of - The Great wall of China was constructed by combining what used to separated territorial walls of competing states. - According to estimates, more or less one million men died throughtout the construction. - Shih Huang Di died in 202 BCE and was buried in Xian. - He was accompanied by an army of hundreds of thousands of Terracotta warriors - The Qin Dynasty folded un in 206 BCE four years after shi Huang Di’s death. Soon after, the warring states that he has unified again sprang up against each other until a new leader, Liu Bang emerged and founded a new dynasty. The Han Dynasty 206 BCE-220 CE - Liu Bang or Han Kao Tsu headed the Han Dynasty. He was a mor humane leader. - Liu Bang subscribed the Confucian idea that the government exists to serve the people. - Things he also did 1. Education and freedom of thought once more flourished 2. He abandoned the authoritarian and the legalist lin of Qin. 3. Travel bans were lifted 4. He also lowered taxes 5. He established the capital in the city of - In 147 BCE, Liu Bang’s Grandson Wu Di came to power. Things he did: 1. Tightened the imperial control 2. Imposed stated regulations on trade and merchants 3. Set new taxes 4. Impose controls on salt, iron, and the suppl the of grain 5. Developed advanced iron tools also meant more efficient farming. 6. Wu Di’s ”Ever Normal Granary System”- - The imperial service recruited mean of talent who were trained in the confucian way. Civil Service positions were opened to those who passed the competitive civil service examination. Inventions: - Paper was also invented in Han Dynasty. It was made by hemp fiber - Another Inventions : 1. Sundial 2. 3. 4. 5. Another Inventions : Seismograph Wheelbarrow Glazed pottery acupuncture - Another Inventions : 6. Water-powered mills The Sui Dynasty 581-618 CE - It only lasted for four decades (40 years) - It was founded by Emperor Wen (Yang Jian) Things Sui Dynasty accomplished: 1. Expanded the Great wall of China 2. The construction of Grand Canal 3. Land Equalization Grand Canal is the longest canal or artificial river in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It was built to enable successive Chinese regimes to transport surplus grain from the agriculturally rich Yangtze (Chang) and Huai river valleys to feed the capital cities and large standing armies in northern China. The T’ang Dynasty 618-907 CE - Li Yuan who previously worked as a military governor successfully overthrew the “Sui dynasty” with the help of his son “T’ang Taizong”. - Under the t’ang dynasty, China achieved golden age. Its capital, Chang’an (Xian) became the world’s cosmopolitan city (is the place where people from various parts of the world live, with different languages, cultures and customs live together.) - The T’ang dynasty built on the government structure and policies of its predecessors. Civil Service Examinations were conducted. - Trading is still popular through the silk road - Silk making remained a dominant industry. - Tea was grown in the south and became an item for trade - Porcelain making was perfected and porcelain products were exported to other places. - Buddhist temples and pagodas were built. - Manual printing was replaced by moveabletype printing. - Paper-making became an industry - Together with the moveable-type printing, the Chinese were able to produce materials for - Other inventions: 1. Cast iron 2. Crossbow 3. Gun powder 4. Compass 5. Waterwheel 6. Paper currency 7. Wheelbarrow 8. Wallpaper 9. Porcelain 10.And the use of coal as fuel 11.Printing Printing Gunpowder The Sung Dynasty 980-1279 CE - Headed by emperor Taizu. - The sung dynasty was divided into two periods: 1. Northern Sung - controlled most of inner China 2. Southern Sung - Which held court south of the Yangtze River - The Sung dynasty was not able to contain the Mongol Invasions and lost much of the northern territories of earlier dynasties. - The sung Capital was established in Kaifeng (near the great bent of yellow river) it Achievements and inventions: 1. Iron and steel production prospered with the use of coal as fuel 2. Agriculture was promoted with government support 3. Printed pamphlets about improved techniques like fertilization, use of new tools, and new improved crop strains were distributed to the peasants. 4. During the Southern Sung, more improved tools like water pumps, spinning, carding, and - The Sung rule was cut short by the onslaught of the more formidable tough warriors from the North, the Mongols who were follower of Genghis Khan. - In 1363, successive droughts affected production. There was famine all over the country. - There were rebellions that ended the dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty 1279-1368 CE - Led by Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan ,the Mongols established their capital in Beijing and the Yuan Dynasty. Under the Yuan Dynasty, China became a part of the huge part of the Mongol Empire that included Eastern - The Chinese suffered discrimination and exploitation under the Mongol Dynasty. Heavy taxes were imposed/levied from them. They were forbidden to carry weapons and they were forced - Under the Yuan Dynasty, China continued its cultural development. Landscape Painting from the Sung/Song Dynasty proliferated. Drama with orchestrated singing and dancing were performed on The Ming Dynasty 1368-1644 CE - - Hung - wu (Ming Tai Tzu) founded the Ming dynasty who came from a peasant family, was orphan, and entered buddhist monastery. - Because of his origin, Hung-wu’s law favored the peasants. - Learning from the experience of droughts during the Yuan dynasty rule, he ordered the construction of of dikes along the Yellow and Yangtze river to - By this time, China has become an imperial power that lorded it over tributary kingdoms and states. - Tributary states were sent to the imperial capital to pay respects to the dragon throne, prostrating (kowtow) themselves in front of the emperor. (The dragon throne is the throne of the emperor of China as the dragon was the emblem of imperial power.) - After Hung-wu and a couple of other emperors, the Ming dynasty gradually Qing/Manchu Dynasty (1644 - 1912) - The Qing dynasty was a Manchu dynasty. The Manchus are a minority group that came from the areas north of China. - Under Ch’ien Lung (Emperor Qianlong), China came to be known as the largest, richest, best-governed, and most developed country in the world. - Corruption in the Government, Poverty, and Rebellion led to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty. Seatwork 2.4 (China) Instructions : Identify what is being asked in each item. 1. He was the first emperor in Qin Dynasty? 2. It is a sequence of rulers from the same family or group. 3. In what dynasty was the use of paper discovered? 4. Who was the founder of Han Dynasty? 5. What does Zhong Guo means? 7. This dynasty ruled the longest period of all the Chinese dynasties. 8. What is the capital City of China? 9. These were shells of turtles or bones of animals, which were used in divination. 10. What is China’s currency called? 11. What is the largest desert in China and in Asia? 12. Who founded Ming dynasty? 13. Give one major contribution of China? Key to corrections Instructions : Identify what is being asked in each item. 1. Shih Huang Di 2. Dynasty 3. Han Dynasty 4. Liu Bang or Han Kao Tsu 5. The Middle Kingdom 6. Yu the Great 7. Zhou or Chou 8. Beijing 9. Oracle bones 10. Chinese Yuan 11. Gobi desert 12. Hung - wu (Ming Tai Tzu) 13. Compass, paper, gunpowder or printing Instructions : Identify what is being asked in each item. 1. Shih Huang Di 8. Beijing 2. Dynasty 9. Oracle bones 3. Han Dynasty 10. Chinese Yuan 4. Liu Bang or Han Kao 11.Tsu Gobi desert 5. The Middle Kingdom 12. Hung - wu (Ming 6. Yu the Great 13. Compass, paper 7. Zhou or Chou printing