Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table Year 9 2024 PDF

ORGANISING THE ELEMENTS Learning Intention: We are learning to develop an understanding of atoms and how the PERIODIC TABLE is organised Success Criteria: ✔ I understand the parts of an atom ✔ I can identify the symbol, atomic number, mass and...

ORGANISING THE ELEMENTS Learning Intention: We are learning to develop an understanding of atoms and how the PERIODIC TABLE is organised Success Criteria: ✔ I understand the parts of an atom ✔ I can identify the symbol, atomic number, mass and symbol for an element  TUNING IN Q. How many atoms do you think you have in your body? A. We have about 7 billion, billion, billion!...And you replace about 98% of them each year! If you want to imagine how small atoms are, there are about 10 000 000 000 000 000 atoms in the dot at the bottom of this exclamation mark!  WHAT IS AN ATOM? Atoms are the basic building The blocks of all matter structure of an atom The word atoms comes from an ancient Greek word ‘atomos’ that means ‘uncuttable’. Last term we looked at how the ideas about the atom changed when new discoveries were made.  INTRODUCING ATOMS Answer the following in your book (in a full What is an atom? sentence): 1. Identify the three subatomic particles of an ▪ Atoms are made up of: protons, neutrons and atom 2. Describe the charge of electrons each atom and where they are located What type of charge do they have and where are they found? PROTO have a positive charge and are found in NS: NEUTRO have the nucleus a neutral charge and are found in NS: ELECTRONthe nucleus have a negative charge and are found outside the S: nucleus  QUICK CHECK – WHITEBOARD- TRUE OR FALSE Write whether the statements below are true or false. 1. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom. 2. Protons have no charge 3. Electrons have a charge of -1 4. Neutrons have a charge of 0 5. Electrons are found in the nucleus Simplified structure of 6. Protons are found in the nucleus an atom  ATOMS ▪ There are 118 known atoms (91 are found naturally and 27 must be made in a laboratory) ▪ Scientists list these atoms in the Periodic Table from smallest to largest ▪ When many of the same atom join together, they are called elements ▪ Every element has a different atomic structure. Meaning they have a different number of protons, electrons and neutrons.  THE PERIODIC TABLE Copy this into your Elements on the books Periodic table ▪ Elements are represented by The number at the top is the atomic their symbol on the number periodic table. The letters are the symbol of the element. ▪ This symbol is often the first (Some periodic tables one or two letters of the also show the name) element name. The number at the ▪ Some symbols are derived bottom is the atomic mass from the Latin (or other) name of the element. ▪ E.g: The symbol for  THE PERIODIC TABLE Elements on the Periodic table ▪ Some elements have a symbol is made up of one letter and some two letters. ▪ This is always shown with the first letter in uppercase and the second letter in lowercase. Why do you think we need to write it like this?  ATOMIC NUMBER Complete the following sentence: (Write the whole Atomic number sentence) The atomic number is equal ▪ The atomic number of an to the number of… The number of protons and the number of electrons element is equal to the total are… number of protons The smaller number present in an atom. at the top is the atomic number ▪ The number of protons in an atom define which atom it is and determine its properties. ▪ The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the  ATOMIC MASS Complete the following sentence: Atomic mass (Write the whole sentence) ▪ The atomic mass of The atomic mass is determined by… element is how much an atom weighs in atomic mass units (amu). ▪ This is determined by adding the protons The larger number at the bottom is the and neutrons. atomic mass CALCULATING NO.PROTONS, NEUTRONS & ELECTRONS 1. Atomic number = 5 1. Atomic number = No. electrons = 5 13 No. protons = 5 No. electrons = No. protons = 2. Atomic mass = 10.81 2. Atomic mass = no. protons + no. 26.98 neutrons = 10.81 no. protons + no. neutrons 5 + no. neutrons = 10.81 ___ + no. neutrons = No. neutrons = 10.81 – 5 No. neutrons = ___– No. neutrons = 5.81 ___ (rounded up to 6 neutrons) No. neutrons =  QUICK CHECK - WHITEBOARDS 1. Identify the atomic number 2. Identify the atomic mass 3. Calculate the number of protons 4. Calculate the number of electrons 5. Calculate the number of neutrons  QUICK CHECK - WHITEBOARDS 1. Identify the atomic number 2. Identify the atomic mass 3. Calculate the number of protons 4. Calculate the number of electrons 5. Calculate the number of neutrons 6. What is the symbol for this element? 7. Why is the symbol not written as BE?  REFLECTION Learning Intention: We are learning to develop an understanding of atoms and how the PERIODIC TABLE is organised Did you Success Criteria: achieve the success criteria? ✔ I understand the parts of an atom ✔ I can identify the symbol, atomic number, mass and symbol for an element  ORGANISING THE ELEMENTS Learning Intention: We are learning to develop an understanding of atoms and how the PERIODIC TABLE is organised Success Criteria: ✔ I can identify an element, group and period in the periodic table ✔ I can explain how elements in a periodic table are organised TUNING IN -THE PERIODIC TABLE Click on screen for video  Complete the following THE PERIODIC TABLE sentence: (Write the whole What is the periodic table? sentence) The Periodic table organises ▪ The periodic table organises the known elements elements according to according their… to their properties Label the words periods and ▪ It is organised into groups (columns) and groups on your Periodic periods (rows) Table. ▪ There are 18 groups and 7 periods ▪ These groups and periods are then classified into larger groups. Each element within each group has similar properties.  THE PERIODIC TABLE The 3 major groups are the metals, metalloids and non-metals. GROUPING ELEMENTS Complete the following sentence: (Write the whole sentence) Five characteristics of metals are… Five characteristics of non- metals are…  GROUPING METALLOIDS Complete the following sentence: ▪ When an element has properties (Write the whole sentence) of both metals and non-metals, it Four characteristics of is called a metalloid. metalloids are… ▪ Shiny when polished ▪ Usually solid at room temperatures but easily transitioned to liquid or gas when heated ▪ Semiconductors of electricity and heat ▪ Soft and brittle  QUICK CHECK - WHITEBOARDS 1. Groups are the columns or the rows? 2. Oxygen is in Group…..? 3. Magnesium is in Period….? 4. Name the element in Group 18, Period 3. 5. Name the element in Group 1, Period 4. 6. Neon is in Period…..? 7. The element with 6 protons is in which Group? 8. The element with 12 electrons is in which  QUICK CHECK - WHITEBOARDS 9. Periods are the columns or the rows? 10. Oxygen is a metal, metalloid or a non-metal? 11. Silicon is a metal, metalloid or a non-metal? 12. Name the element in Group 2, Period 4. 13. Name the element in Group 14, Period 2. 14. Is CO an element in the periodic table? 15. Explain your answer.  OTHER GROUPS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE The main groups Complete the following Use the interactive Periodic ▪ Elements in group 1 (excluding Hydrogen) are alkali metals table to colour code your Periodic table ▪ Elements in group 2 are alkaline earth metals ▪ Elements in groups 3-12 are transition metals ▪ Boron, Silicon, Arsenic, Germanium, Antimony, Tellurium, and Astatine are metalloids ▪ Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Selenium, Bromine and Iodine are non-metals ▪ Elements in group 17 are halogens ▪ Elements in group 18 are noble gasses View this interactive periodic table to gain a better understanding of the groups of the  GROUPS 1- PERIODS 1-18 7 Use this to annotate your periodic table printout. LEARNING TASK ← Complete the learning task  PERIODIC TABLE NAME ACTIVITY On your poster paper write your name (first, last, or both!) using the periodic table of elements. You must include: element name, element symbol, atomic number, and atomic mass. Below each letter, draw a picture of an item that contains your element. (I.e. Potassium is found in bananas, helium is in balloons…)  ELEMENTS BINGO - Use your periodic table to fill in your bingo sheet - Write the element symbol (be mindful of capital and lowercase letters) for one of the first 20 elements in each square - You can only list an element once  MAKING AN ELEMENT Today we are going to make an element by conducting a chemical reaction. The element that we are going to produce is Hydrogen. Look on your Periodic Table. What do we know about Hydrogen? Write down 5+ things about Hydrogen  MAKING AN ELEMENT Hydrogen is a gas and will react with a ‘pop’ if a flame is placed near it. Aim: Produce and test hydrogen gas Materials 1 test tube 1 stopper 1 piece of magnesium ribbon 1 dropper bottle of Hydrochloric acid 1 test tube rack Method 1. Place the magnesium ribbon into the test tube. 2. Pour hydrochloric acid into the test tube to just cover the magnesium ribbon (approximately 2 cm). 3. Put the stopper on the test tube (not too tightly). 4. Gently shake the test tube from side to side for about 30-40 seconds. 5. Take notice of the temperature of the test tube. 6. Light the match, remove the stopper and place the match near the top of the test tube. 7. Replace the stopper and repeat steps 4 -6. Answer the questions 8. How do you know that a chemical reaction has occurred? (remember back to year 8) 9. What happened when you placed the match at the top of the test tube? 10. Did the hydrogen react the second time you tested it? Why/Why not? 11. Have a go at writing a worded and chemical equation.  MAKING AN ELEMENT Today we are going to make an element by conducting a chemical reaction. The element that we are going to produce is oxygen. Look on your Periodic Table. What do we know about oxygen? Write down 5+ things about oxygen  MAKING AN ELEMENT Aim: Produce and test oxygen gas Method: 1. Set up the equipment as in diagram 1. 2. Add 1g of manganese oxide pellets and 5ml of hydrogen peroxide to the delivery test tube. 3. Collect two test tubes of oxygen. 4. Stop chemical reaction by added a small amount of water. Observations Make observations about the colour and smell of the gas. Light a splint, allow to burn for a few seconds, blow it out and place the glowing end into the test tube. What happened to the splint? Answer the questions 1. How do you know that a chemical reaction has occurred? (remember back to year 8) 2. What happened to the splint when placed in oxygen? 3. Use your observations to propose a reason why fanning a fire encourages it to burn. 4. Propose a reason why the burning splint doesn’t burst back into flames when in the air. (despite air having oxygen in it)  ORGANISING THE ELEMENTS Learning Intention: We are learning to develop an understanding of atoms and how the PERIODIC TABLE is Did you organised Success Criteria: achieve the success criteria? ✔ I can identify an element, group and period in the periodic table ✔ I can explain how elements in a periodic table are organised