Chemistry Class Education Presentation on Einstein

EINSTEIN INTELLECTU AL REVOLUTIO N PRESENTED BY: CALUSIN EJERA VITO INTRODUCTION ALBERT EINSTEIN WAS A GERMAN-BORN PHYSICIST WHO DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AND GENERAL THEORIES OF RELATIVITY AND WON THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS IN 1921 FOR HIS EXPLANATION OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFEC...

EINSTEIN INTELLECTU AL REVOLUTIO N PRESENTED BY: CALUSIN EJERA VITO INTRODUCTION ALBERT EINSTEIN WAS A GERMAN-BORN PHYSICIST WHO DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AND GENERAL THEORIES OF RELATIVITY AND WON THE NOBEL PRIZE FOR PHYSICS IN 1921 FOR HIS EXPLANATION OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT. BORN ON MARCH 14, 1879 AT ULM, WÜRTTEMBERG, GERMANY DIED ON APRIL 18, 1955 AT PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY, USA EINSTEIN IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED THE MOST INFLUENTIAL PHYSICIST OF THE 20TH CENTURY.  BROWNIAN MOTION IT WAS NAMED FOR THE SCOTTISH BOTANIST Robert Brown, the first to study such fluctuations (1827). IN 1905, A YOUNG ALBERT Einstein wrote a paper (while working as a patent clerk) on a well-known physical phenomenon of the time, Brownian motion, which had first been noted in 1827. Einstein’s theory correctly described Brownian motion, and at the heart of his theory was the existence of atoms that were in constant motion. THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT IS A PHENOMENON WHERE ELECTRONS ARE EMITTED FROM THE METAL SURFACE WHEN LIGHT OF SUFFICIENT FREQUENCY IS INCIDENT UPON IT. THE CONCEPT OF THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT was first documented in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz and later by Lenard in 1902. SINCE LIGHT IS BUNDLED UP INTO PHOTONS, EINSTEIN THEORIZED THAT WHEN A PHOTON FALLS ON THE SURFACE OF A METAL, THE ENTIRE PHOTON'S ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED TO THE ELECTRON. A PART OF THIS ENERGY IS USED TO REMOVE THE ELECTRON FROM THE METAL ATOM'S GRASP AND THE REST IS GIVEN TO THE EJECTED ELECTRON AS KINETIC ENERGY. THE MINIMUM ELECTRON VOLTS REQUIREMENT FOR PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT IS 3.0895471249137887 EV OR 4.95 X 10-19 J THE EQUIVALENCE OF MASS AND ENERGY The theory of special relativity that expresses the fact that mass and energy are the same physical entity and can be changed into each other. In the equation, the increased relativistic mass (m) of a body times the speed of light squared (c2) is equal to the kinetic energy (E) of that body. THE EQUIVALENCE OF MASS AND ENERGY THE EQUIVALENCE OF MASS AND ENERGY There are three main philosophical questions concerning the interpretation of E = mc2 that have occupied philosophers and physicists: 1. Are mass and energy the same property of physical systems and is that what is meant by asserting that they are “equivalent”? 2. Is mass “converted” into energy in some physical interactions, and if so, what is the relevant sense of “conversion”? 3. Does E = mc2 have any ontological consequences, and if so, what are they? GENERAL RELATIVITY General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity, and as Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time, or four- SPECIAL RELATIVITY Albert Einstein's 1905 theory of special relativity is one of the most important papers ever published in the field of physics. Special relativity is an explanation of how speed affects mass, time and space. As an object approaches the speed of light, the object's mass becomes infinite and so does the energy required to move it. That means it is impossible for any UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE ACCORDING TO HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE, Position and momentum of an electron cannot be determined simultaneously with absolute accuracy. EQUATION ΔxΔp ≥ h/2π WERNER HEISENBERG EINSTEIN OPPOSES TO THE CONCEPT OF UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE EINSTEIN NEVER ACCEPTED HEISENBERG'S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE AS A FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL LAW. EINSTEIN'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO QUANTUM MECHANICS WERE SIGNIFICANT, BUT HE HAD DIFFERENT VIEWS ON THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. “GOD DOES NOT PLAY DICE WITH THE U  ATOMIC ENERGY Atomic energy or energy of atoms is energy carried by atoms. The term originated in 1903 when Ernest Rutherford began to speak of the possibility of atomic energy. H. G. Wells popularized the phrase "splitting the atom", before discovery of the atomic nucleus.  NUCLEAR PHYSICS EINSTEIN’S WORK ON THE RELATIVITY OF MASS AND ENERGY LAID THE THEORETICAL GROUNDWORK FOR NUCLEAR POWER AND WEAPONS, MAKING HIM AN INTELLECTUAL CORNERSTONE OF MODERN NUCLEAR PHYSICS, EVEN IF HE DID NOT DIRECTLY ENGAGE IN EXPERIMENTAL NUCLEAR RESEARCH. HIS IDEAS CONTINUE TO BE CENTRAL IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS AND ARE CRITICAL TO MODERN UNDERSTANDINGS OF BOTH ENERGY PRODUCTION AND THE UNIVERSE'S FUNDAMENTAL FORCES.  THE MANHATTAN PROJECT THAN K YOU!