Chemical Equations Lesson Presentation PDF

Summary

This presentation discusses the colligative properties of solutions, focusing on both electrolytes and non-electrolytes. It explains how the presence of solutes affects the physical properties of solutions and examines the concept of osmotic pressure.

Full Transcript

The Colligative Properties of Non Electrolyte Solutions and Electrolyte Solutions General Chemistry ll Colligative Properties The Four Major Colligative Properties A Colligative properties are phy...

The Colligative Properties of Non Electrolyte Solutions and Electrolyte Solutions General Chemistry ll Colligative Properties The Four Major Colligative Properties A Colligative properties are physical 1. Vapor Pressure properties of a solution that Lowering depends on the amount of a solute but not on the nature of solute. The 2. Boiling Point colligative properties depend on the 3. Freezing Point ratio of the solute amount and Depression solvent amount. 4. Osmotic Pressure Boiling Point The temperature at which its Formula vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it. Freezing Point Depression Is a drop in the maximum temperature at which a substance freezes, caused when a smaller amount of another, non- volatile substance is added. OSMOTIC PRESSURE Is the minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane. Important Note For a given solute-solvent mass ratio, all colligative properties are inversely proportional to solute malar mass. Electrolytes Solution Electrolytes are substances that can form solutions that are able to conduct electricity through this solution. ΔTb = iKbm and ΔTf = iKfm “i” is an ion multiplier known as Van’t Hoff factor. This factor is equal to the number of moles of ions given by an electrolyte. Therefore, Van’t Hoff factor can be determined by finding the number of ions released by an electrolyte when it is dissolved in a solvent. NONELECTROLYTES Non Electrolytes are substances that are not capable of forming electrolytic solutions. Colligative Properties of Nonelectrolytes are the physical properties of non-electrolytic solutions that depends on the amount of solutes regardless the nature of solutes. Non-electrolytes are substances that do not create conductive solutions when dissolved in a solvent. Vapor Pressure of Nonelectrolyte Solution Vapor pressure is a measure of the tendency of a material to escape into the environment via gas. A substance that evaporates quickly has high vapor pressure and is referred to as a volatile substance. When a solute is added to a solvent, the vapor pressure decreases. The key difference between colligative properties of electrolytes and non electrolytes - The effect of electrolytes on colligative properties is very high compared to that of the non electrolytes. Thank you for Listening!

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