General Chemistry 2 Review Materials PDF

Review Materials General Chemistry 2 Mole fraction represents the number of molecules of a particular component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the given mixture. It's a way of expressing the concentration of a solution. Therefore, the sum of mole fraction of all the compon...

Review Materials General Chemistry 2 Mole fraction represents the number of molecules of a particular component in a mixture divided by the total number of moles in the given mixture. It's a way of expressing the concentration of a solution. Therefore, the sum of mole fraction of all the components is always equal to one. If 8.00g NaOH is dissolved in 90.0g H2O, what will be the mole fraction (x) of the solute and solvent in the solution? xNaOH = 0.04; xH2O = 0.96 Molality is an important property of solutions. It is used to indicate the concentration of a solute in a solution and is mostly determined by the solvent's mass. Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon found in coal tar or crude oil. What is the molality of a solution containing 16.5 g of dissolved naphthalene (C10H8) in 54.3g benzene (C6H6)? 2.38 Gases consist of very large numbers of tiny spherical particles that are far apart from one another compared to their size. What process do gases take the shape of their container? Expansion Molarity is a unit of concentration expressed as the number of moles of dissolved solute per liter of solution. What is the molarity of a 125 mL solution containing 0.050 moles of hydrochloric acid? 0.40 mol/L The water molecule is composed of two hydrogen atoms, each linked by a single chemical bond to an oxygen atom. Which end of the water molecule is attracted to the chloride ion? the hydrogen end, which is the positive pole The halogens are located on the left of the noble gases on the periodic table. These five toxic, non-metallic elements make up Group 17 (VIIA) of the periodic table. Which of the following halogens has the weakest dispersion forces of attractions between its molecules? Fluorine Isopropyl alcohol is used in healthcare settings to prevent infection that may be caused by needle punctures. What is the solvent in 70% alcohol solution? Alcohol Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits. A 355-mL soft drink sample contains 0.133 mol of sucrose (table sugar). What is the molar concentration of sucrose in the beverage? 0.375 M Sodium hydroxide is used to manufacture soaps and a variety of detergents used in homes and commercial applications. How many moles of sodium hydroxide are in 38 mL of 0.50 mol/L NaOH? 0.019 mol Polarity is when an entity contains two distinct and opposite poles that can either attract or repel each other. Which of the following illustrates the concept of polarity or the "like dissolves like" is? I2(s) is more soluble in CCl4 than in water. Determine the molar mass of an ionic substance with a van't Hoff factor of 2.000 using the following data: 29.25 g of the substance is dissolved in 1.000 kg of water and the freezing point of the solution is measured to be -1.860oC. (The Kf for water is 1.860oC/m). 58.50 A 17.3 mg sample of an organic compound (a non-electrolyte) was ground up with 420 mg of camphor to form a homogeneous mixture melting at 170.0oC. What is the apparent formula weight of the organic compound? (Kf of camphor = 37.7oC/m, m.p. of camphor = 178.4oC) (Note: This is a freezing point depression problem - note the Kf of camphor - camphor is the solvent.) 185 g/mol Sodium chloride is used in manufacturing to make plastics and other products. It is also used to de-ice roads and sidewalks. What is the freezing point of an aqueous 1.00 m NaCl solution? (Kf = 1.86oC/m) (Assume complete dissociation of the salt.) -3.72 oC The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass. What are the ideal van't Hoff factors for the following compounds? Ba(OH)2, C6H12O6, K3PO4, HNO3 3, 1, 4, 2 Potassium chloride is a medication used in the management and treatment of hypokalemia. It is in the electrolyte supplement class of medications. What is the boiling point of a 4.00 molal solution of potassium chloride in water? (The Kb for water is 0.5000oC/m). 377 K Other questions in Exam Phase changes Phase diagrams Dipole Polarity Stoichiometry Solution chemistry