Check Your English Vocabulary for Phrasal Verbs and Idioms PDF

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS Rawdon Wyatt A & C Black 폷 London  www.acblack.com First published in Great Britain 2006...

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS Rawdon Wyatt A & C Black 폷 London  www.acblack.com First published in Great Britain 2006 A & C Black Publishers Ltd 38 Soho Square, London W1D 3HB © Rawdon Wyatt 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publishers. A CIP entry for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-10: 0 7136 7805 4 ISBN-13: 978 0 7136 7805 5 eISBN-13: 978-1-4081-0158-2 Text typeset by A & C Black Printed in Great Britain at Caligraving Ltd, Thetford, Norfolk This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.  Introduction If you want to practise and develop your knowledge of phrasal verbs and idioms, you will find this book very useful. The various exercises contain many of the most common phrasal verbs and idioms, together with some useful spoken expressions that you might expect to hear or use in an English-speaking environment. You should not go through this book mechanically from beginning to end. It is better to choose one particular verb or topic, do the exercise(s), make a record of any new words and expressions that you learn, then practise using these in sentences or situations of your own. When you feel you have a good command of these, move to another verb or topic and do the same. You should also review the things you have learned on a regular basis, so that they remain 'fresh' in your mind and become part of your 'active' vocabulary. The meanings of most of the phrasal verbs and idioms are explained in the book, either in the exercises themselves, or in the answer key at the back. This key also provides you with lots of similar or alternative expressions, together with examples of how they are used. However, we recommend that you keep a good dictionary with you, and refer to it when necessary. In particular, we recommend the A & C Black Easier English Intermediate Dictionary (ISBN 0-7475-6989-4) or the Macmillan English Dictionary (ISBN 0-333- 96482-9), from which many of the definitions and sample sentences in this book have been taken. No vocabulary book can possibly contain all of the thousands of English phrasal verbs and idioms that you are likely to come across or need, so it is important to acquire new ones from other sources. If you have access to English-language newspapers, popular magazines, television and radio programmes, films and albums of popular music, you will find that these are excellent resources. We hope that you enjoy doing the exercises in this book. Before you begin, we suggest that you read this important information about phrasal verbs and idioms. What is a phrasal verb? A phrasal verb is a verb formed from two (or sometimes three) parts: a verb and an adverb or preposition. These adverbs and prepositions are often called particles when they are used in a phrasal verb. Most phrasal verbs are formed from a small number of verbs (for example, get, go, come, put and set) and a small number of particles (for example, away, out, off, up and in). Phrasal verbs sometimes have meanings that you can easily guess (for example, sit down or look for). However, in most cases their meanings are quite different from the meanings of the verb they are formed from. For example, hold up can mean 'to cause a delay' or 'to try to rob someone'. The original meaning of hold (for example, to hold something in your hands) no longer applies. There are five main types of phrasal verb. These are: 1. Intransitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which do not need an object). For example: You're driving too fast. You ought to slow down. 2. Transitive phrasal verbs (= phrasal verbs which must have an object) where the object can come in one of two positions: (1) Between the verb and the particle(s). For example: I think I'll put my jacket on. or (2) After the particle. For example: I think I'll put on my jacket.  However, if the object is a pronoun (he, she, it, etc), it must usually come between the verb and the particle. For example: I think I'll put it on. (NOT I think I'll put on it.) 3. Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come between the verb and the particle. For example: Our latest designs set our company apart from our rivals. 4. Transitive phrasal verbs where the object must come after the particle. For example: John takes after his mother. Why do you put up with the way he treats you? 5. Transitive phrasal verbs with two objects, one after the verb and one after the particle. For example: They put their success down to good planning. Some transitive phrasal verbs can be used in the passive, but the object cannot come between the verb and the particle. For example: Active: The soldiers blew up the bridge / The soldiers blew the bridge up. Passive: The bridge was blown up by the soldiers. Active: Switch the lights off before you leave / Switch off the lights before you leave. Passive: The lights must be switched off before you leave. Active: It's time they did away with these silly rules. Passive: It's time these silly rules were done away with. (where the subject is either not known or not needed). A dictionary such as the Bloomsbury Easier English Intermediate Dictionary or the Macmillan English Dictionary will clearly show you the way you should use each phrasal verb. What is an idiom? An idiom is an expression where the meaning is different from the meaning of the individual words. For example, to have your feet on the ground is an idiom meaning 'to be sensible': "Tara is an intelligent girl who has both her feet firmly on the ground." A lot of idioms are formed using phrasal verbs. For example: After he left me, it took me a long time to pick up the pieces (= It took me a long time to return to a normal life). Many idioms are colloquial, which means that they are used in informal conversation rather than in writing or formal language. For example: "I won't tell anyone your secret. My lips are sealed." In this book, you will find a lot of colloquial idioms, together with some examples of slang (very informal words and expressions that are often used by particular groups of people, such as teenagers). If an idiom that is being practised is informal or very informal, the book will tell you this.  Contents Page: Title: 6–7 Idioms and other expressions using animals 8–9 Idioms and other expressions for describing character and personality 10 Idioms and other expressions using clothes 11 – 12 Idioms and other expressions using colours 13 – 14 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'come' 15 – 16 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'cut' 17 – 18 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'do' 19 – 20 Idiomatic emphasis 21 – 22 Idioms and other expressions using food and drink 23 – 24 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'get' 25 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'give' 26 – 27 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'go' 28 Idioms and other expressions to talk about health, feelings and emotions 29 – 30 Informal phrasal verbs 31 – 32 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'look' 33 – 34 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'make' 35 – 36 Mixed idioms and other expressions 37 – 38 Mixed phrasal verbs 39 Mixed phrasal verbs and idioms 40 Idioms and other expressions used for talking about money 41 – 42 Idioms and other expressions that use numbers 43 Idiomatic pairs 44 – 45 Idioms and other expressions using parts of the body 46 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'pick' 47 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'put' 48 – 49 Idiomatic and colloquial responses 50 – 51 Idioms and other expressions that rhyme or alliterate 52 – 53 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'run' 54 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'set' 55 – 56 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'take' 57 Idioms and other expressions using 'time' 58 – 59 Idioms and other expressions used for talking about travel and holidays 60 – 61 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'turn' 62 Idioms and other expressions that use words connected with the weather 63 – 64 Idioms and other expressions used for talking about work 65 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'work' 66 – 80 Answer key  Idioms and other expressions using animals Complete the idioms and other expressions in bold with an animal, insect, etc, from the box. Many of the animals must be used more than once. The meaning of each idiom / expression is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. bee bird cat chicken dog donkey duck fish fly goat goose hen horse monkey pig rat shark whale 1. I always thought Laurence was rather shallow and superficial, but yesterday I saw him reading a book of Renaissance poetry. He's a bit of a dark _____, isn't he? (someone with a secret, especially a secret ability, skill or achievement that surprises you when you discover it) 2. I'm not going out with you looking like that. You look like something that the _____ dragged in! Brush your hair and put on some clean clothes! (to have a very dirty or untidy appearance) 3. I live on the 14th floor of a tower block, so I have a wonderful _____'s-eye view of the town. (a good view of something from a high position) 4. How did I know that you were going out with Lucy? Aha! A little _____ told me! (an expression used for saying that you are not going to say who told you something) 5. It really gets my _____, the way she keeps interrupting all the time. (to annoy someone) 6. William didn't get the promotion he wanted last year, and he's had a _____ in his bonnet about it ever since. (to be very involved in something that you think is important, in a way that other people find annoying) 7. You really let the _____ out of the bag when you asked Louise what time her party started. She didn't know anything about it. It was supposed to be a surprise. (to tell someone something that was supposed to be a secret) 8. Where have you been? You're soaking wet! You look like a drowned _____! (looking very wet and cold) 9. Tony! What a surprise! It's wonderful to see you again. I haven't seen you for _____'s years! (an extremely long time) 10. The hotel used to be the best in town, but since the new manager took over it's really gone to the _____s. (not as good at it was in the past) 11. I don't trust Eric when he says he's working late at the office. To be honest, I smell a _____. (to be suspicious, or to think that someone is trying to trick you) 12. That's the third burger you've eaten. I wish you'd stop making such a _____ of yourself. (to eat a lot of food) 13. "Do you think I'll pass my driving test tomorrow, Julie?" "Sorry, Mark, I don't think you have a _____ in hell's chance." (to have no chance at all of doing something) 14. I only started my new job last week, and I still feel like a _____ out of water. (to be in a situation that you know nothing about or are not used to) 15. "How did you know that Mr Roberts is going to resign?" "I got it straight from the _____'s mouth." (information that comes from someone who is directly involved – in this case, from Mr Roberts) 16. Have you met our new manager? He really thinks he's the _____'s knees! (to think you are very clever and important) 6 17. What do you think of our new English teacher? Personally I think she's a bit of a cold _____. (someone who is not very friendly) 18. Antonia is very timid: she wouldn't say boo to a _____. (an expression used to describe someone who is very quiet and shy) 19. Why do I always have to do the _____ work? (boring work that needs a lot of effort but has to be done as part of a job) 20. I'd love to be a _____ on the wall when Debbie tells Mr Roberts what she thinks of him! (to be able to see what people are doing without them noticing you) 21. Two weeks before her wedding, Jane went to a nightclub for her _____ night. (a celebration for a woman who is about to get married, in which only her women friends take part) 22. I'm so hungry, I could eat a _____! (an expression used for saying that you are very hungry) 23. The bank wouldn't lend me the money, so I had to go to a loan _____. (someone who lends money to people and charges them a very high rate of interest) 24. My boss is such a _____bag. I don't think I can go on working for her much longer. (somebody who is unpleasant with other people) 25. I feel really sorry for poor old Steven: he's so _____pecked. (criticised and given orders all the time by a wife or female partner) 26. It was a very simple job, but I made a _____'s ear of it. (do something very badly) 27. I wanted to go to Spain for my holiday, but just before I left for the airport I lost my passport. As you can imagine, that really cooked my _____. (to cause a lot of problems for someone, or spoil their plans) 28. I can't help you at the moment, I'm afraid. I've got bigger _____ to fry. (to have more important things to do or think about) 29. The party was wonderful. We had a _____ of a time. (to have a lot of fun) 30. You can tell John that he's a stupid boring idiot if you like, but I'm afraid it will just be water off a _____'s back. (an expression used for saying that advice, warnings or insults do not affect someone) 31. I've got so many things to do today. I'm running around like a headless _____! (trying to do a lot of things quickly without being sensible or calm about it) 32. He thinks he's better than us. I wish he would get off his high _____. (stop behaving as if he knows more or is better than anyone else) 33. Corporate fat _____s have once again been accused of putting profits before people. (people who receive too much money for the job they do) 34. I don't like him, I don't respect him, and I don't give a _____'s what he thinks. (to not care about something at all) 35. While we're in town doing our shopping, let's go and see my mother. That way, we can kill two _____s with one stone. (to achieve two aims with one action) 36. I've never seen Arnie looking so happy. He's like a _____ with two tails. (to be very happy because something good has happened) Note that most of the expressions in this exercise are informal or very informal. 7  Idioms and other expressions for describing character and personality The words and expressions in the box can all be used informally to describe different kinds of people. Use them to complete sentences 1 – 35. Note that many of the words / expressions have a negative connotation and are not very polite, so you should be careful how you use them! anorak bigmouth bunny boiler busybody chatterbox chinless wonder clock-watcher couch potato crank creep daydreamer Don Juan eager beaver early bird golden boy happy camper life and soul of the party moaning Minnie pain in the neck rolling stone rough diamond salt of the earth Scrooge scrounger skiver slave driver smart Alec smart cookie stuffed shirt tearaway troublemaker wallflower wet blanket wimp wolf in sheep's clothing 1. Nobody likes Peter very much because he's so annoying. He's a right __________! 2. Andy is so boring. Did you know that his idea of a perfect day is going to the station to collect train registration numbers? What a / an __________! 3. I know that you don't like your job very much, but I wish you would stop complaining about it all the time. Don't be such a / an __________! 4. Imelda loves working here: she's a real __________. 5. Alan is an excellent and intelligent manager who runs the department well and deals effectively with any problems that come up. Everyone agrees that he's a / an __________. 6. You've been sitting in front of the television for almost four hours. Why don't you turn it off and go for a walk? You're turning into a / an __________. 7. We were having a wonderful evening until Anne joined us. Why does she have to be so negative about everything all the time? She's such a / an __________! 8. Don't be such a /an __________! If you concentrated instead of speaking all the time, you would get more work done. 9. If you want some help, ask Imelda. She's always happy and willing to help out: she's a real __________! 10. I hope Rick comes out with us tonight. He's such good fun, always the __________. 11. Poor Samantha is a bit of a / an __________. She would have much more fun and would get to know more people if she had more confidence. 12. Don is a bit of a / an __________. He never eats vegetables because he thinks they slow down your brain! 13. Don't be such a / an __________! You've only got a small cut on your hand; you haven't lost a whole arm! 14. All the newspapers are writing about Gordon Stapleton. He's the new __________ of English football. 15. When Laurence ended his relationship with Mandy, she refused to accept it and started sending him insulting letters. Then one day she went to his house and threw a brick through his window! I never realised she was such a __________! 8 16. My line manager Mr Burton is a real __________. Yesterday he made us work for six hours without a break, and wouldn't let us leave until 7 o'clock. 17. Maureen is the __________ in this company. She starts work at 7 o'clock, two hours before anyone else arrives. 18. I'm afraid my son has become a bit of a / an __________. He stays out all night with his friends and he never listens to a word I say. 19. All the girls in the office love Daniel, and he loves them right back! He's a regular __________. 20. Mrs Ranscombe is such a /an __________. I wish she would stop interfering in my private life! 21. My boss is a real __________: he pays us peanuts and hasn't given us a pay rise for two years. 22. James is a bit of a / an __________. He never seems to pay attention during his lessons, and doesn't appear to take in anything I say. 23. Martin isn't ill! He's not at work today because he's too lazy to come in, the __________! 24. Michelle never pays for anything when we go out, and just relies on other people. She's such a / an __________. 25. Mike has always been a / an __________. He can never stay in the same place for very long, and he rarely keeps the same job for more than six months. 26. Our new secretary is a / an __________. She doesn't work very hard, and she can't wait for the working day to end. 27. Everyone respects Arthur. He's the __________. 28. I would avoid Christine, if I were you. She's a real __________, and loves to start arguments. 29. When I ask you a question, I want you to give me a short, sensible answer. Don't be a / an __________! 30. Come on, Bill. Relax and enjoy yourself! Don't be such a / an __________. 31. Anthony is always following the boss around, carrying his briefcase and papers, opening doors for him and bringing him cups of coffee. What a __________! 32. Don't ask Tina to keep a secret: she's a real __________. 33. I know that Mr Connor isn't very well spoken and doesn't behave very politely, but he's a pleasant and kind man, a real __________. 34. Mr Kelly seems nice and kind when you first start working for him, but in fact he's a ruthless businessman who will fire you the first time you make a mistake. He's a real __________. 35. Tarquin is a bit of a __________. He has lots of money, but everyone thinks he's weak and stupid. 9  Idioms and other expressions using clothes There are several items of clothing hidden in the box below. You will find these by reading from left to right and from top to bottom. Use these items of clothing to complete the idioms and other expressions in bold in sentences 1 – 20. You will need to use some of the items more than once, and you may need to change the form from singular to plural or vice versa. O N C E U P O N A B E L T T I S M E T H E R E B W C E R O E T H R S H O E S E E B C L O A K E O A S R S D I A D D Y B E A O R R M U T R O U S E R S M M T H B E U A D R A A N C D B A T B Y B P A N T S E I A N R T K H E Y L I V E D T I N E A G L O V E S D I N K Y L I T T L E H O A U R S E T H A T T H E Y H A D F I L N L A P R O N E D W I T H D E S I G N E R K G O O D S F R O M H 1. Kerry and Charlie work together well. In fact, they've always been hand in _____. 2. "I can't help you carry these boxes. I've got a bad back." "Oh don't be such a big girl's _____!" 3. Look, I'm sorry I lost your camera. Keep your _____ on. I'll buy you a new one, I promise. 4. Have you read Geoff Bowman's latest book? It's complete _____! 5. You've done really well. I take my _____ off to you. 6. Up until now the game has been quite friendly, but now the _____ are off! 7. My boyfriend would rather sit at home in front of the television than go to a pub or nightclub. I wish he wasn't such a / an _____! 8. Poor old Bob was given the _____ last week. 9. She told me that I was stupid and ugly, which I felt was a bit below the _____. 10. My teacher told me that unless I pulled my _____ up, he would have to move me down to a lower class. 11. I saw a film last night that scared the _____ off me! 12. Andy is so boring. Did you know that his idea of a perfect day is going to the station to collect train registration numbers? What a / an _____! 13. Clarice is 25 years old, but she's still tied to her mother's _____ strings. 14. My uncle works for a _____-and-dagger department in the government. 15. You're always complaining. Put a _____ in it! 16. I've heard a rumour that Andrew is going to leave the company and go to work for one of our competitors, but keep it under your _____. 17. My father used to pretend that he made all the major decisions in our family, but it was really my mother who wore the _____. 18. He's really generous. He would give you the _____ off his back. 19. I can't decide whether or not to resign. What would you do if you were in my _____? 20. Ever since his promotion, he's become too big for his _____. 10  Idioms and other expressions using colours Complete sentences 1 – 34 with one of the colours from the box. Each colour can be used to complete or make an idiom or other expression (in bold). Some of the colours have to be used more than once. Each idiom is explained in the answer key at the back of the book. black blue brown green grey pink red white yellow 1. Elsa congratulated me on getting the job, but I could tell that secretly she was _____ with envy. 2. Generally I'm a very calm, relaxed person. But when people are rude to me, I start to see _____. 3. I very rarely see my parents these days. They only come to visit once in a _____ moon. 4. Everyone in my family is a teacher, but I decided from a young age that I wanted to be an actor. I guess I've always been the _____ sheep. 5. My wife asked me if I liked her new dress. Well, I thought it was horrible, but of course I told her it looked wonderful. You have to tell a little _____ lie from time to time, don't you? 6. I hate applying for a new passport. There's so much _____ tape involved. 7. You can ask me to lend you money until you're _____ in the face, but my answer is still 'No'. 8. When Maria was attacked in the street, instead of running away she started screaming _____ murder until someone came to her help. 9. The best way to stay in the _____ is to eat sensibly, take regular exercise, drink in moderation and not smoke. 10. I think the new underground railway is a _____ elephant. The city already has a very efficient bus and tram system. 11. Everyone in my department is very happy because the project we've been working on for six months has finally been given the _____ light. 12. There were 200 people in a room designed for only 75. It was like the _____ Hole of Calcutta in there. 13. Your report is full of errors and spelling mistakes. I don't think you were using your _____ matter when you wrote it. 14. You must hear the new album by the American rock group Nuclear Puppy: it's _____-hot! 15. I had a real _____-letter day yesterday: my boss gave me a pay rise, I won £60 on the lottery, and my boyfriend took me to my favourite restaurant for dinner. 16. Most of the people in my town are _____-collar workers. There are very few people working in factories. 17. The company has been doing badly for over two years, and now everyone agrees that it's a financial _____ hole. 11  18. Nobody in the office likes him very much: he's always _____-nosing the boss. 19. Your garden looks wonderful. What lovely, healthy plants. You must have _____ fingers! 20. I hadn't heard from Jo for almost ten years, so when a letter from her came out of the _____, I was naturally very surprised. 21. He would never argue with or contradict his boss. He's far too _____. 22. Yesterday I had an overdraft of almost £300, but I got paid today, so my bank account is in the _____ again. Unfortunately I don't think it will stay like that for long! 23. Nobody knew who had been stealing money from the office, until the new salesman was caught _____-handed opening the safe. 24. I feel terrible this morning because I was out painting the town _____ last night, and didn't go to bed until 3 o'clock. 25. If I were you, I would avoid the boss today. You're in his _____ books after that rude comment you made about his wife. 26. I know he was angry, but I was still shocked at the terrible language he was using. The air was turning _____! 27. (At a party): Hello, Anthea. Thanks for coming. Lovely to see you again. Let me get you a drink. Glass of _____? 28. I wouldn't recommend him for a senior position in management: he's still a bit _____. 29. When I told Sara that I wanted to go out for a drink with my ex-girlfriend, she didn't say anything, but she gave me a really _____ look. 30. There wasn't much we could do when we discovered that the office had been robbed except call the police station and wait for the boys in _____ to arrive. 31. What's the matter with you? You've been in a _____ mood all evening. 32. It's only my parents who are coming to dinner tonight, not the Queen of England! There's no need to roll out the _____ carpet. 33. (Complete this sentence with two different colours): I was told that I had got the job at the interview, but I won't be happy until I see it in _____ and _____. 34. (Complete this sentence with two different colours): After falling off his bicycle, he was _____ and _____ all over. 12  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'come' Exercise 1: Complete the phrasal verbs in sentences 1 – 14 with an appropriate particle or particles, and write these in the grid at the bottom of the page. If you do this correctly, you will reveal a phrasal verb in the shaded vertical column that can be used to complete sentence 15. The meaning of each phrasal verb in its context is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. Have you ever come _____ such a horrible person in all your life? (to meet someone or find something by chance) 2. How is Sarah coming _____ _____ her photography course? (to make progress or get better in quality, skill or health) 3. I'm British, but my parents come _____ India. (to have your home in a particular place) 4. Fast food has come _____ _____ more criticism from the press. (to receive something such as criticism) 5. I don't want the problem of money coming _____ us. (to cause an argument or disagreement between two people) 6. I've been writing this book for six months, and it's finally coming _____. (to finally start to work successfully) 7. As I get older, I find that my birthdays seem to come _____ more frequently. (to happen regularly) 8. She came _____ a lot of money when her grandfather died. (to receive something – usually money – when someone dies) 9. We need to come _____ _____ a plan that will make us a lot of money. (to think of something such as an idea or plan) 10. In the first week of my new job, I came _____ _____ several problems that had been left by the person who had my job previously. (to have to deal with something difficult or unpleasant) 11. The National Blood Service is asking for more people to come _____ and donate blood. (to offer help or information) 12. You never know what children are going to come _____ _____. (to say something suddenly, usually something that surprises or shocks people) 13. The first time I tried using my new camera, it came _____ in my hands. (to separate into pieces, sometimes because the object – in this case a camera – has been badly made) 14. We've had a difficult few weeks, but I'm glad to see we've managed to come _____ together. (to be still alive, working or making progress after a difficult or dangerous experience) 15. I don't feel very good. I think I'm _____ _____ _____ something. (to become ill with a particular disease, but not usually one that is serious) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 13  Exercise 2: Complete these two conversations with the expressions from the box. as rich as they come come a long way come again come clean come in handy come off it come to think about it come up in the world coming right up don't come cheap for years to come you'll get what's coming when it comes to making how come taking each day as it comes I don't know where you're don't come the innocent with I don't know if I'm coming or coming from me going Julie: You two-timing, double-crossing cheat! Julie: I had gone into town to do some shopping and saw the two of you. Who is she? And Rick: ____________? don't lie, or ____________, believe me. Julie: You heard me. I saw you leaving a Rick: Well, I suppose I'll have to ____________, restaurant with a strange woman today. won't I? Rick: ____________! What woman? Julie: You certainly will. Julie: ____________! Rick: You saw us from behind, right? Rick: Look, I'm sorry, but ____________. Julie: Uh, right. Julie: The long-haired brunette in the jeans and Rick: Yes, well, ____________ false assumptions, leather jacket. you win. That was Alan, my new boss. Rick: Ah, right. ____________ you saw us? Tim: I haven't seen John this week. Tim: Oh, there's so much to do and so much to ____________, I haven't seen him for a few learn that most of the time ____________. weeks. I'm just ____________. How's work for you? Andy: Oh, he's busy moving into his new house. Andy: Oh, so so, you know. I was hoping to look He's bought a place in Hampstead. for something else more interesting, but there aren't many jobs out there. I guess I'll Tim: In Hampstead? How did he afford that? be with the same company ____________. Houses in Hampstead ____________. What I need is a big win on the lottery. Andy: Well, he's ____________ since he worked as Tim: Yes, that would ____________! In the a salesman for PTG. He owns his own meantime, how about buying me another company now, and is making a fortune. drink? Apparently he's now ____________. Andy: Same again? Tim: He kept that quiet. I didn't know how much he had ____________. Tim: Yes please. Andy: Well, he doesn't like to boast about it. How Andy: OK, ____________! are you getting on in your new job, by the way? 14  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'cut' Exercise 1: Replace the words and expressions in bold with a phrasal verb from the box. You will need to use some of the phrasal verbs more than once. cut across cut back on cut down on cut in cut off cut out cut out of cut through 1. I was cutting the grass when the lawnmower suddenly stopped working. 2. Did you see how that Mazda suddenly drove in front of the Audi? 3. We will have to reduce staff costs at work if we want to continue operating as normal. 4. We were in the middle of a telephone conversation when we were suddenly disconnected. 5. I don't understand why all my friends have suddenly started ignoring me. (You will need to put the phrasal verb on either side of me: "…my friends have _____ me _____.") 6. I wish you wouldn't interrupt me while I'm talking. 7. The traffic noise is terrible, and even closing the windows doesn't remove it. (You will need to put the phrasal verb on either side of it: "…closing the windows doesn't _____ it _____.") 8. She decided to stop eating sweet things so as to lose weight. 9. He didn't pay his bill, so the power company stopped his electricity. 10. To save time, we decided to go over the field instead of walking around it. 11. To save time, we decided to go through the shopping centre instead of walking around it. 12. The air conditioning will automatically start working when the room gets too warm. 13. Our house is isolated from the rest of the town. 14. My father didn't include us in his plans. (You will need to put the phrasal verb on either side of us: "My father _____ us _____ his plans.") Exercise 2: Decide if the definitions given for the idioms and other expressions in bold are true or false. 1. Someone or something that is a cut above other people or things TRUE / FALSE is much better than those people or things. 2. If you are having a conversation with someone and you cut them TRUE / FALSE short, you stop talking so that they can say something. 3. If you are cut up about something (for example, you are cut up TRUE / FALSE about the way you are treated by someone), you are very happy and surprised. 4. If somebody cuts you dead, they shout at you because they are TRUE / FALSE very angry. 5. A new employee in your company doesn't cut the mustard. In TRUE / FALSE other words, he / she is not good enough. 6. Something in a shop that is described as cut-price is more TRUE / FALSE expensive than it should be. 15  7. If your friend has a plan, and you cut the ground out from under TRUE / FALSE his feet, you offer to support him, usually by lending him money. 8. A business that is described as cutthroat is a one that has a TRUE / FALSE disadvantage because it is smaller than other businesses making the same product or offering the same service. 9. When someone cuts loose (for example, they cut loose from their TRUE / FALSE family), they stop being influenced or controlled by them. 10. If you cut off your nose to spite your face, you work so hard TRUE / FALSE and for so long that you become ill. 11. You have a train to catch and you are cutting it fine. This means TRUE / FALSE that you have arrived at the station very early and have plenty of time before the train leaves. 12. If something is described as cut and dried (for example, "The issue TRUE / FALSE of pay rises is cut and dried."), it is being talked about very carefully. 13. If something is described as cutting-edge (for example, cutting TRUE / FALSE edge technology), it is very dangerous. 14. If you say to someone "Cut it out!", you are telling them to stop TRUE / FALSE doing something that you do not like. 15. If, in a meeting, you cut to the chase, you waste time by talking TRUE / FALSE about small, unimportant issues rather than issues which are more urgent. 16. A cutting remark is a remark that is cruel and intended to upset TRUE / FALSE someone. 17. If you are in a difficult or unpleasant situation and you decide to TRUE / FALSE cut and run, you pretend that the situation is not so difficult or unpleasant and continue behaving as normal. 18. If somebody tells you something important or impressive, and you TRUE / FALSE say "That doesn't cut any ice with me", you are telling them that you have had the same experience yourself. 19. If you are doing a job and you cut corners, you do not do the job TRUE / FALSE as thoroughly as you should, especially because you want to finish it as quickly as possible. 20. If you cut somebody down to size, you talk kindly to them and TRUE / FALSE help them because they are very upset. 21. If somebody says something to you that cuts you to the quick, TRUE / FALSE they offer you a suggestion or an idea which would help you a lot. 22. Somebody cuts a dash in the new clothes they are wearing. In TRUE / FALSE other words, the clothes make them look stupid. 23. If you cut something short (for example, you cut a visit short), you TRUE / FALSE arrive early. 24. If something cuts both ways, it has both good and bad aspects. TRUE / FALSE 25. You and your friend own a car together, and your friend wants to sell it. You tell him that you want your cut. This means that you TRUE / FALSE want to decide whether or not the car is sold. 16  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'do' Exercise 1: Each of the sentences in the following sentence pairs can be completed with the same phrasal verb using do. The meaning of the phrasal verb in its context is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. Note that in some cases, you will need to change the form of the verb (for example, to a past participle). 1. (a) _____ _____ your shoelaces, or you'll fall over. (to fasten) (b) Our new house is wonderful, but it needs _____ _____. (to repair, paint and improve an old building, car, boat, etc) 2. (a) As soon as I opened the door, I could see that my house had been _____ _____. (informal: to be burgled; to have things stolen from your house) (b) While I was walking back from the cinema, I was _____ _____ by a gang of teenagers. (to attack someone and hit and kick them) 3. (a) While we're cleaning the room, let's _____ _____ the cupboards. (informal: to make a room, cupboard, etc, very tidy and clean) (b) We've had the kitchen _____ _____ with aluminium units and light blue tiles. (to decorate) 4. (a) What you _____ _____ yourself in your free time is your business. (used for saying how someone spends their time) (b) I could really _____ _____ a nice cup of tea. (used for saying that you want or need something) 5. (a) We need to get a new photocopier. This one's _____ _____. (informal: in such bad condition or so badly damaged that it cannot be used) (b) If the police see us, we're _____ _____. (informal: to be likely to be punished) 6. (a) A lot of the restrictions on imports have been _____ _____ _____. (to get rid of something) (b) There were rumours that Doug had _____ _____ _____ his wife. (informal: to murder someone) 7. (a) He gave me a small parcel _____ _____ in silver paper. (to wrap something in paper or cloth in an attractive way) (b) Before the party she spent hours _____ herself _____. (to dress in special clothes, make-up, etc) 8. (a) I think that someone _____ him _____ to get his money. (informal: to murder someone) (b) I'm completely _____ _____ after all that running around. (very tired) 9. (a) Joe had been _____ _____ by his teacher so often that he had lost all confidence. (to criticise someone in a way that makes them seem stupid or unsuccessful) (b) You mustn't _____ yourself _____ – you have a lot of ability. (as above, used as a reflexive verb) 10. (a) Most of the articles in today's paper are to _____ _____ America's foreign policy. (to be connected with someone or something) (b) My resignation has nothing to _____ _____ my argument with the manager. (as above, but negative) 17  Exercise 2: Complete sentences 1 – 18 with idioms and other expressions from the box. Each idiom is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. When 'do' is used as a verb, you may need to change its form (for example, by changing it to its past simple form). a bit of a do do as you're told do me a good turn do the sights do the trick do to a turn do me a favour do's and don'ts do the dirty do you a world of good do you justice do your dirty work make do with take some doing that does it that's done it the done thing you were done 1. This steak is delicious. It's __________. (cooked perfectly) 2. We haven't got any coffee, I'm afraid. We'll have to __________ tea. (to deal with a situation by using what is available rather than using what you want) 3. The boss spent all morning writing out a list of __________ for the office. (rules) 4. __________, Harriet! One more word from you, and you can leave the room immediately! (a spoken expression used for saying that someone or something that has been annoying you has finally made you so angry that you will do something) 5. We've missed our train. __________! Now we'll never get to London in time for the show. (a spoken expression used for when something goes wrong and as a result you will be in trouble) 6. You need a holiday. A break would __________. (to make you feel happy or healthy) 7. That's a nice dress you're wearing, but it doesn't really __________. (to show or emphasise all the good qualities of someone or something) 8. You paid £200 for that old television? __________! (a very informal spoken expression which is used for saying that someone has paid too much for something) 9. We're having __________ this Saturday to celebrate our anniversary. (a party) 10. If the printer doesn't work, hit it gently: that usually __________. (something that is needed in order to achieve something, in this case to get the printer to start working) 11. We spent a week in Paris, and __________. (to visit all the most important and famous places) 12. I don't believe that you sold your computer to Paul when you knew it was broken. How could you __________ on one of your friends like that? (informal, to treat someone very badly and unfairly) 13. I'm fed up __________! (to do an unpleasant or dishonest job for someone so that they do not have to do it themselves) 14. I was wondering if you could __________. I need to borrow £20. (to help someone) 15. __________, Alison, or I'll send you to your room. (a spoken expression used for telling a child to obey you) 16. It will __________ to get all this work finished by five o'clock. (an expression used for saying that something will be very difficult to do) 17. Jane __________ last week, and I would really like to return the favour. (to help someone) 18. You shouldn't argue with your teacher. It's not __________. (to be the correct or suitable thing to do) 18  Idiomatic emphasis A lot of adjectives can be made 'stronger' by the addition of another word or words. In most cases, these words are used as a substitute for very or extremely (sometimes because very and extremely do not collocate (= work) with the adjectives that are being used). For example: I'm awake = I'm wide awake / I'm warm = I'm as warm as toast Complete the sentences with a word that emphasises the adjective / adjective phrase in bold, and write your answers in the crossword grid on the next page. Some of the letters are already in the grid. Note that in some sentences more than one answer may be possible, but only one will fit in the crossword grid. Across (
) 2. I don't think it's safe to play football. The ground is _____ hard. 3. The party began at eight o'clock, and by midnight Jim was _____ drunk. 4. He never listens to my advice. He's as stubborn as a _____! 6. He's as thick as a _____. I don't know how anyone can be so stupid! 7. She can't hear a word you're saying. She's _____ deaf. 8. I know I'm not the most handsome man in the world, but I think it's a bit unfair to say that I'm as ugly as _____. 9. I'm bored _____ sitting here. Let's go out and do something. 12. She goes to the fitness centre every day, so as you can imagine she's _____ fit. 14. Our holiday was _____ cheap: we only paid £150 for the flights and two weeks in a four-star hotel. 15. It was a lovely day and the sea was _____ calm, so we decided to go for a swim. 16. I can't see a thing in here. It's _____ black. 18. It's raining heavily. Take an umbrella or you'll get _____ wet. 20. Alison is _____ mad: someone borrowed her dictionary and didn't return it. 23. I'm not surprised the room is cold. Someone's left the door _____ open. 25. I can't afford to come out tonight. I'm _____ broke again. 26. The children have been as good as _____ all morning. 28. You'll freeze to death in that jacket: it's _____ thin. 30. Everyone at the party was drunk except for Bob, who was stone _____ sober. 31. Don't touch the plate: it's just come out of the oven and it's _____ hot! 32. I usually buy my cars second-hand, but this time I'm going to buy a _____ new one. Down (  ) 1. What a lovely dress. You look _____-perfect in it. 3. He went out in the snow wearing just a pair of shorts and a T-shirt. He must be _____ mad! 5. He sat in the corner as quiet as a _____. 7. Uurrgghhh! This cake is _____ sweet. I can't possibly eat it. 10. I was so tired that I went to bed at eight, and within seconds I was _____ asleep. 11. Mike has got loads of money. He's _____ rich. 19  12. Can I put the heating on? It's _____ cold in here. 13. I've heard that joke before. It's as old as the _____! 17. His explanation was _____ clear. I understood everything perfectly. 19. There's a _____ big rat in the kitchen. 21. The exam wasn't difficult. It was as easy as _____. 22. I must go to bed. It's been a busy day and I'm _____ tired. 24. Mr Grant is _____ dull. In fact, he's the most boring man I've ever met. 27. I'm _____ beat. I really need to get some sleep. 29. Be careful with that knife. It's _____ sharp. 30. Everyone was panicking, but Sarah remained as cool as a _____. 1 2 C 3 L N 4 U E 5 6 R K 7 O E 8 I C 9 T 10 F 11 K E 12 G T G 13 14 I T E 15 E L 16 I 17 H 18 I 19 G Y 20 21 P N I 22 23 I 24 25 T O 26 L 27 28 A 29 E E 30 O Z U Y 31 E 32 R D 20  Idioms and other expressions using food and drink Complete these sentences with items of food or drink, and write your answers in the crossword grid on the next page. Across (
) 3. Mr Taylor is the best computer programmer I've ever met. He certainly knows his _____! 4. Don't _____ me with so many questions at once. I can only give you one answer at a time. 5. Was the exam difficult? No! It was a piece of _____! 6. Liverpool are playing Arsenal in the Cup Final. Liverpool are certain to win: Arsenal are easy _____! 7. You're such a couch _____. Why don't you turn off the television, throw away those empty pizza boxes and go for a walk? 10. When the police asked him if he had robbed the shop, he spilled the _____ and told them everything. 11. Maggie was a bit rude to me when I was offered the job that she had applied for. It was probably just sour _____. 12. I don't get paid much for the work I do. My boss pays me _____. 13. I'm not surprised you never have any money left by the middle of the month. You spend it like _____! 16. You're such a _____ fingers: you're always dropping things and breaking them. 18. Sarah's new boyfriend is more than twice her age, but he's very rich. Perhaps I should look for a _____ daddy as well! 19. What are you smiling about? You look like the cat who got the _____. 21. You look really embarrassed. You've gone as red as a _____! 24. I stay at home and look after the children, and my wife goes out to work. Well, one of us has to bring home the _____. 25. It only takes one bad _____ to give a company a bad reputation. 26. I hate flying. Whenever I have to get on a plane, I go cold all over and my legs turn to _____. Down (  ) 1. I'm not the boss of the company. Mrs Manser is the big _____ here. 2. Your latest excuse for being late is pathetic! It really takes the _____! 4. Manchester United just scored again. You should have seen it: it was a _____ of a goal! 6. Our new manager is very enthusiastic. Everyone agrees that he's as keen as _____. 8. Are you cold? I'll turn the heating on. Before you know it, you'll be as warm as _____! 9. I told him to sit down and behave, and he just blew a _____ at me! 10. You're mad, crazy, deranged, completely _____! 14. Mr Lewis is the _____ of the earth: he's a good, honest man and everyone respects him. 15. What on earth are you wearing? You look a right _____! 17. I really don't like horror films. They're not my cup of _____. 19. Andy is always calm and relaxed. He never panics or loses his temper. He's as cool as a _____. 21  20. When the United Nations decided that the war was illegal, the President was left with _____ on his face. 21. If you are unhappy about your job, do something. Don't just _____ about it. 22. Toby Morrison would be ideal for the job. He works hard and he's a really smart _____. 23. Brenda's new boyfriend is very good looking, but he's not very intelligent or interesting. He's just a bit of eye _____. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 22  Unit 0000 Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'get' Exercise 1: Choose the correct particle or particles (in, on, at, etc) to make phrasal verbs. An explanation or meaning of each phrasal verb in the sentence is in italics at the end of the sentence. 1. He was very rude to the teacher, but got down to / off with / away with it. (He managed to do something bad without being punished.) 2. What did you get up to / through to / on to last night? (What did you do last night?) 3. How's your son getting on / into / over at University? (How well is your son doing at University?) 4. Karen was ill for a few weeks, but she's got under / about / over it now. (Karen has recovered from her illness.) 5. I don't really want to see her tonight. How can I get over with / in on / out of it? (How can I avoid seeing her?) 6. After lunch we got down to / off with / away from discussing future plans for the company. (We started doing something seriously / with effort.) 7. I just need to get by / through / over this week, then I can take a break for a few days. (I need to deal with a difficult situation until it's over.) 8. I don't earn much money, but I manage to get down / off / by. (I have just enough money to do what I need to do, such as buy food, pay my rent, etc.) 9. Although they are very different, Toby and Andrea get on / by / around together. (They like each other and are friendly to each other.) 10. My boss is always getting over / at / to me. (My boss is always criticising me.) 11. I tried to call the complaints department, but I couldn't get over / around / through. (It was not possible for me to be connected to the complaints department by telephone.) 12. I sometimes have problems getting my meaning through / across / over in English. (I have problems making people understand my meaning.) 13. Everyone told me that it was a really good film, but I just couldn't get into / onto / over it. (I couldn't begin to enjoy it.) 14. Mr Johnson must be getting on for / in to / off with 80. (Mr Johnson must be almost 80 years old.) 15. The goods we ordered last week haven't arrived yet. I'll get away with / out of / on to the supplier this afternoon. (I'll write or speak to the supplier (in this case, to find out what has happened).) 16. I'm not enjoying my computer classes. I don't get much round to / out of / on to them. (I don't get much pleasure or benefit from them.) 17. I'm sorry I don't have the information you need at the moment. Leave me your phone number and I'll get off with / up to / back to you this afternoon. (I'll speak to you again later.) 18. I finally got through to / round to / away from reading that book you lent me. (I had intended to read the book for a long time, and eventually I did it.) Remember that many phrasal verbs have more than one meaning. This applies to most of those in this exercise. Use your dictionary to find the other meanings. 23  Exercise 2: Look at the idioms and other expressions in bold in sentences 1 – 25, and choose a suitable definition or expression with a similar meaning from the box at the bottom of the page. 1. If you want to become rich, you have to work hard. There are no real get-rich-quick plans. 2. Come on! Get a move on! 3. When she asked for help, he told her to get lost. 4. You'll get the sack if you continue coming in late. 5. Where was I last night? Well, officer, you've got me there. 6. I think Helen got out of bed on the wrong side this morning. 7. My neighbour is so noisy. He's really getting on my nerves. 8. Gordon's having a little get together at his place tonight. 9. You've got a nerve asking me to lend you more money! 10. What are you wearing that get-up for? You look like a drug dealer! 11. OK everyone, let's get down to brass tacks and look at the sales figures. 12. Gary and I get on like a house on fire. 13. I don't know what's wrong with me. I don't seem to have any get-up-and-go. 14. If I don't get a rise soon, I'll start looking for another job. 15. This is ridiculous: we're getting nowhere. 16. You're always watching television. Get a life! 17. My job drives me crazy, but I like it, if you get my meaning. 18. Get a grip on yourself – you've got an interview in half an hour. 19. I can't get to grips with my new computer. 20. You need to get your act together if you want to succeed. 21. I've got absolutely no money, and it's really getting me down. 22. It's almost eight o'clock. Let's get going, or we'll be late. 23. He was so rude to me. Just wait until I get my own back. 24. Our teacher lets us get away with murder! 25. I need a break, so I've decided to get away from it all for a few weeks. (A) Energy; enthusiasm. (M) To be unable to do or use something. (B) To hurry up; to do something more (N) To do something more interesting. quickly. (O) To control your emotions and behaviour. (C) To receive more money for doing your (P) To be very friendly with each other. work. (Q) To be dismissed from a job. (D) To understand what someone is trying to (R) To take revenge on someone for say. something they have done. (E) To make someone feel unhappy. (S) A party or social event with friends. (F) To be unsuccessful; to not make any (T) To go away; to leave someone alone. progress. (U) To annoy someone (G) To be over-confident or rude. (V) To not punish someone for doing (H) To take a holiday. something wrong. (I) Something that will make you a lot of (W) To start the day badly; to be in a bad money in a short space of time. mood. (J) To organise yourself. (X) To start discussing small but important (K) Clothes. details. (L) To start doing something; to begin a (Y) To be unable to answer. journey. 24  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'give' Choose the word or words in bold to complete the phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions in italics in these sentences. In one case, all options are possible. The meaning of each phrasal verb, idiom, etc, in its given context is in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. I've finally managed to give off / out / up / in smoking. (to stop doing something you do regularly) 2. Ten thousand copies of the latest software package are being given away / over / in / back. (to let someone have something without paying for it) 3. Have I done something to upset Anne? She's been giving me the cold face / shoulder / elbow / finger all morning. (to be unfriendly towards someone you know) 4. She's been looking for me all morning, but I've managed to give her the trip / slip / slide / skid. (to escape from someone who is looking for you) 5. Most of Janet's teachers have given up on / in to / over to / back to her. (to stop hoping that someone will improve and to stop trying to help or change them) 6. "You're one of the most beautiful girls I've ever met!" "Oh, give off / over / out / away!" (an informal spoken expression used for telling someone to stop doing something. In this case, the second speaker wants the first speaker to stop flattering her) 7. You promised not to give up / in / off / away my secret! (to tell information or facts that you should keep secret) 8. I knew she was lying. Her face was a dead giveback / giveoff / giveaway / giveout! (a movement, action or expression on someone's face that shows the truth about something) 9. The photocopier is giving away / off / over / up a funny smell. (to produce something such as heat or a smell) 10. If the boss shouts at me again in front of a customer, I'm going to give him a piece of my mouth / mind / brain / heart. (to tell someone exactly what you think, especially when you are angry with them) 11. I would give my right arm / the world / my eye teeth / anything to see his face right now! (a spoken expression used for saying that you would very much like to have something) 12. I wouldn't argue with Robin, if I were you. He gives as much / good / well / hard as he gets. (informal: to compete or fight as hard as your opponent) 13. "Have you finished yet?" "Give me a hope / an opportunity / a try / a chance: I've only just started!" (an informal spoken expression used for telling someone not to hurry you or expect something immediately) 14. Each talk lasts for half an hour, give or remove / deduct / take / extract five minutes. (used for talking about numbers or quantities that are not exact) 15. Are you seeing another man? Give it to me straight / hard / direct / fast, Helga. I promise I won't be angry. (an informal spoken expression used for telling someone not to hide unpleasant facts from you) 16. If you are rude to me again, I'll give you when to / what for / why do / how far. (an informal spoken expression which means that you will punish someone or speak to them severely because they have done something wrong) 25  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'go' Exercise 1: Half of the phrasal verbs in the following sentences use the wrong particle or particles (in, on, about, etc). Decide which ones are wrong and replace them with a correct particle(s). Each phrasal verb in its context is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. I overslept because my alarm clock didn't go off. (to start ringing) 2. When they decided to get married, they went against the wishes of their parents. (to oppose someone or something) 3. I don't think we should eat this fish. It smells like it's gone out. (of food, to go bad, so that you cannot eat it) 4. The price of gas has gone out again. (to increase) 5. What has been going on in here? The room looks like a bomb's hit it! (to happen) 6. We thought the presentation had finished, but the director went on speaking for another hour. (to continue as before) 7. Before you sign the contract I suggest you go round it carefully with your solicitor. (to check something carefully) 8. James and Annette have been going out with each other for over a year. (to have a romantic relationship with someone, and spend a lot of time with them) 9. At first she thought her new boss was wonderful, but she went about him when he continually criticised her work. (to stop liking someone or something) 10. There wasn't enough work to go through, so we had to make some of our staff redundant. (to be enough so that everyone can have one or some) 11. Your plans are excellent, but do you think you'll be able to go through with them? (to do something you have planned or agreed to do, and to finish it) 12. I go in for what you're saying. (to agree with someone or something) 13. There were 200 people going towards just three jobs. (to try to get something that you have to compete for) 14. He promised to help us, but at the last moment he went down with his word. (to fail to do something that you have agreed to do) 15. Alex has decided to go into teaching when he leaves university. (to start working in a particular type of job or business) 16. I've still got a few things to do. You go ahead and I'll meet you outside the cinema in half an hour. (to go to a place before someone else you are with) 17. Several guests in the hotel have gone in for food poisoning. (to become ill with a particular illness) 18. After two years of rapidly falling sales, the business finally went under. (of a business, to fail completely and stop operating) Exercise 2: The idioms and other expressions in sentences 1 – 20 have had some letters removed. Replace the letters in the idioms. These letters, when used in the same order as they appear in the sentences, can be used to make an informal spoken expression which is used for saying that in difficult situations, the best people will work harder to succeed, and will not stop trying. Write this expression in the box at the bottom of the next page. 1. Originally we were going to have a private marriage ceremony, but in the end we went the _ _ol_ hog and had a big lavish wedding. (to do something in a very thorough or enthusiastic way) 26 2. After fifteen years with the company, Michael decided it was time to go it alo_e. (to work for yourself and by yourself) 3. The bill comes to £66. Shall we go Du_c_? (when eating out with a friend or friends, each person pays for what they have eaten and drunk) 4. Hi, Charlotte. How ar_ thin_s g_ing? (an informal spoken expression that you use when you want to know how someone is) 5. It's going to rain later. Let's leave now wh_le the goi_g is _ood. (an informal expression meaning to do something before any problems happen that will prevent you from doing it) 6. My fiancée wants to hire a limousine for our wedding day, but I'm going to _o one b_t_er and hire a Rolls Royce. (to do something in a bigger and more impressive way) 7. Gas prices are very expensive. It goe_ wi_h_ut saying that customers would prefer them to be cheaper. (an expression that is used when you think that someone will already know what you are going to tell them) 8. Because of the current government, our country is going to rack and r_in. (to become less successful) 9. There are so many hooligans and lager louts in our town that at night it becomes a no-_o area. (an area of a town that is not considered safe because there are high levels of crime and violence there) 10. If you're angry, go for a long walk or something. Just don't _ave a go a_ me! (to criticise someone strongly or shout at them because you are angry) 11. Our plans went well at first, but suddenly everything went _aywir_. (to stop working or behaving correctly) 12. Amy and Carol really went to _ _ wn on the party decorations. (to do something very well or make something look very good by spending a lot of money on it) 13. I really want the job, and I'm going to go all o_t to get it. (to try as hard as you can to achieve something) 14. I've told my boss that he's stupid, rude and arrogant. Oh well, ban_ goes my c_ance of promotion. (an informal spoken expression that you use when you have ruined the possibility of achieving something) 15. This restaurant used to be the best in town, but since it was taken over by a new manager, it's really gone to the do_s. (of a place, not as good as it was in the past) 16. "Ian is so ugly! Can you imagine kissing him?" "Yuck! Don't _ven go _here!" (an informal spoken expression that you use when you do not want someone to say something) 17. I bought this television in the sales. It was going for a son_. (very cheap) 18. I can't work properly with all this c_m_ng and going. (noise and disturbance caused by people moving around a lot) 19. "I've made some tea. Would you like a little cup? Oh, go o_, of course you do!" (a spoken expression used for encouraging someone to do something) 20. After several meetings with the Directors, he _ot the go-ahead to open a new office in Manchester. (to receive permission to do something) Write the expression here: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _! 27  Idioms and other expressions to talk about health, feelings and emotions How would the people in sentences 1 – 35 feel, happy (☺) or unhappy ( ), if they were experiencing the feelings, emotions, etc, highlighted in bold? 1. Amanda is at her wits' end. ☺ / 2. Ian is in a state. ☺ / 3. Amelia is at death's door. ☺ / 4. Nigella is not feeling herself. ☺ / 5. Imogen is in good shape. ☺ / 6. Tom's condition is touch-and-go. ☺ / 7. Felicity is feeling blue. ☺ / 8. Orville is on top of the world. ☺ / 9. Oliver is on the warpath. ☺ / 10. William looks washed out. ☺ / 11. Paul is feeling pooped. ☺ / 12. Priscilla is a picture of health. ☺ / 13. Frank is as fit as a fiddle. ☺ / 14. Claudia is on cloud nine. ☺ / 15. Dave is down in the dumps. ☺ / 16. Olivia is over the moon. ☺ / 17. Regan is run down. ☺ / 18. Henrietta hasn't got a care in the world. ☺ / 19. Samantha is seeing red. ☺ / 20. Pamela is in the pink. ☺ / 21. Olga is on a high. ☺ / 22. Fernando feels lousy. ☺ / 23. Charles is chucking his toys out of the pram. ☺ / 24. Justin is just peachy. ☺ / 25. Sean looks shattered. ☺ / 26. Henry is hopping mad. ☺ / 27. Freddy feels really rough. ☺ / 28. Teresa has taken a turn for the worse. ☺ / 29. Camilla has come down with something. ☺ / 30. Davina is dead on her feet. ☺ / 31. Harry is het up. ☺ / 32. Lucy looks like death warmed up. ☺ / 33. Ursula is under the weather. ☺ / 34. Belinda is in a black mood. ☺ / 35. Larry is like a dog with two tails. ☺ / 28  Informal phrasal verbs The phrasal verbs in this exercise have all been taken from British television and radio programmes (news reports, soap operas, quizzes, films, chat shows, etc) over a 3-month period. They are all very informal, and many of them are relatively recent additions to our common vocabulary. Look at sentence (a) in each pair, then decide if sentence (b) provides a correct explanation of the phrasal verb in bold. Write 'Yes' if you think it does, and 'No' if you think it doesn't. 1. (a) The Prime Minister has told his government to stop faffing about. (b) The Prime Minister has told his government to stop wasting time doing unnecessary and unimportant things. 2. (a) I had to stump up almost £2000 for repairs to my car. (b) I had to borrow almost £2000 for repairs to my car. 3. (a) All this talk about the war is really hacking me off. (b) All this talk about the war is getting me excited. 4. (a) I don't want to go out with a man who bottles out at the first sign of trouble. (b) I don't want to go out with a man who starts a fight at the first sign of trouble. 5. (a) When we heard the news, we freaked out. (b) When we heard the news, we became so frightened we couldn't control ourselves. 6. (a) The government has been accused of sexing up the facts. (b) The government has been accused of making the facts too difficult for people to understand. 7. (a) She breezed through the final exam. (b) She failed the final exam. 8. (a) When the minister was asked about pensions, he clammed up. (b) When the minister was asked about pensions, he started telling lies. 9. (a) I wish my neighbour would stop banging on all the time. (b) I wish my neighbour would stop making changes to his house all the time. 10. (a) It's time everyone wised up to the illegal acts the government is committing. (b) It's time everyone became aware of the illegal acts the government is committing. 11. (a) The President has finally lucked out over world trade. (b) The President has finally lost an argument over world trade. 12. (a) Lorraine never mucks in with any of us. (b) Lorraine never goes out to bars, clubs, etc, with any of us. 13. (a) If anyone wants to wimp out, now is the time. (b) If anyone wants to decide not to do something because they're too frightened, now is the time. 14. (a) Ever since he started his new company, he's been raking it in. (b) Ever since he started his new company, he's been so busy he can't do anything else. 15. (a) Television bosses deny that programmes are being dumbed down. (b) Television bosses deny that television programmes are becoming shorter, with longer commercial breaks. 16. (a) Why do you always suck up to your boss? (b) Why are you always so rude to your boss? 29  17. (a) You'll be OK in the exam if you mug up before. (b) You'll be OK in the exam if you have a drink before you do it. 18. (a) If you're going to chuck up, go outside. (b) If you're going to be in a bad mood, go outside. 19. (a) The air-conditioning has conked out again. (b) The air-conditioning has stopped working again. 20. (a) The Council will prosecute parents whose children bunk off school. (b) The Council will prosecute parents whose children stay away from school without a good reason. 21. (a) The latest opinion poll suggests that in the next election, the current government is going to romp in. (b) The latest opinion poll suggests that in the next election, the current government is going to lose. 22. (a) When we asked him if he had taken the money, he fessed up. (b) When we asked him if he had taken the money, he denied it. 23. (a) The public are lapping up the latest news about football's most famous player. (b) The public are not interested in the latest news about football's most famous player. 24. (a) I really wish that Fiona would lighten up a bit. (b) I really wish that Fiona would be more serious about things. 25. (a) We spent all of Sunday vegging out. (b) We spent all of Sunday relaxing. 26. (a) By half past eleven, half of us had zonked out. (b) By half past eleven, half of us had gone home. 27. (a) I'm gagging for a cup of tea. (b) I really want a cup of tea. 28. (a) The rail company flogged off half its stock to overseas companies. (b) The rail company let overseas companies maintain its stock to keep it in good working order. 29. (a) Please don't monkey around in here. (b) Please don't lose your temper in here. 30. (a) If you goof up again, you'll lose your job. (b) If you make a big mistake again, you'll lose your job. 31. (a) Yolanda has been prattling on for almost an hour without stopping. (b) Yolanda has been crying for almost half an hour without stopping. 32. (a) You shouldn't mouth off to him like that. (b) You shouldn't laugh at his ideas and opinions like that. 33. (a) I've had enough of you. Shove off! (b) I've had enough of you. Be quiet! 34. (a) Don't ask him for advice on buying a computer: he'll only geek you out. (b) Don't ask him for advice on buying a computer: he'll give you basic and useless information. 35. (a) She never goes out without blinging up first. (b) She never goes out without phoning her friends first. 30  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'look' Exercise 1: Complete these phrasal verbs with an appropriate particle (in, to, of, etc) or particles. The particles you need are in alphabetical order, and you need to use each particle or particle pair once only. The meaning of each phrasal verb in its context is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. It can be very hard looking _____ three children all day. (to take care of someone or something and make certain they have everything they need) 2. Looking _____, I think that the company needs to develop some new services. (to think about what is likely to happen, or plan what you are going to do in the future) 3. We're looking carefully _____ all the options that are open to us. (to think about a situation or subject carefully, especially in order to make a decision) 4. Most people look _____ _____ their schooldays with mixed feelings. (to think about a time or event in the past) 5. Jane looks _____ _____ people who haven't been to university. (to think you are better or more important than someone else) 6. Maureen is really looking _____ _____ her holiday next week. (to feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen) 7. Can you look _____ _____ Eileen on your way to work, and see if she needs anything? (to visit someone for a short time on your way to another place, especially if they are ill or may need help) 8. I wrote a letter of complaint to the airline, and they've promised to look _____ the matter for me. (to try to discover the facts about something such as a problem or a crime) 9. Steve isn't related to me, but I look _____ him as a brother. (to think of someone or something in a particular way) 10. The restaurant is small but it's easy to find. Look _____ _____ the post office, and it's almost directly opposite. (to look carefully at people or things around you in order to find a particular person or thing) 11. The Health and Safety officer has been looking _____ the factory. (to visit a place in order to examine it) 12. I can't decide what to cook for the dinner party, so I've been looking _____ your cookery books for inspiration. (to read something quickly, especially to find the information you need) 13. When I was young, I always looked _____ my grandparents for advice. (to hope or expect to get help, advice, etc, from someone) 14. If you don't know what 'loquacious' means, look it _____ in the dictionary. (to try to find a particular piece of information by looking in a book or on a list, or by using a computer) 15. Liz Watkins is the best manager we've ever had, and everyone looks _____ _____ her. (to admire and respect someone) 31  Exercise 2: Match the first part of each sentence on the left with the second part on the right, using the idioms and other expressions in bold to help you. Try to decide what each one means, then check your answers in the back of the book. (1) Mark isn't very attractive. Most women wouldn't look… (2) Sue's a really nice person, but she's not much to look… (a) …what you've done! (3) The computer he gave you isn't the best one in the world, (b) …in the mirror. but you shouldn't look a gift horse… (4) I told you to be careful with that. Now look… (c) …in the eye. (5) We know that Bob is stealing from the office. We need to (d) …trouble. do something. We can't just look… (e) …no further than our website. (6) Liverpool dominated the game from the beginning, and Chelsea hardly even got a look-… (f) …the cat dragged in! (7) When Mike asked me why I had taken his money without (g) …at. asking, I couldn't look him… (h) …yourself and keep in touch. (8) You're such a snob! You always look down… (9) I started my own Internet company when I was sixteen, and (i) …for a cheap apartment. I've never looked… (j) …at the kitchen and went (10) This is the third time this week that you've been late. You somewhere else. must be looking for… (k) …in. (11) Be careful! Look where... (l) …see. (12) Anyone who needs a job need look… (m) …twice at someone like him. (13) Goodbye. Look after… (n) …leap. (14) You think you're so perfect and wonderful, don't you? Well, you're wrong. It's time you took a long hard look… (o) … your nose at people. (15) What are you wearing? You look like something that… (p) …on your face. (16) What have you done? I don't like that look… (q) …back. (17) I've just moved to London and am on the lookout… (r) …in the mouth. (18) You always make decisions without thinking properly. You really need to look before you… (s) …you're going or you'll have an accident. (19) Everyone says that the new art gallery is really good. Let's go and have a look-… (t) …the other way. (20) We were going to eat in the hotel restaurant, but we took one look… 32  Phrasal verbs, idioms and other expressions using 'make' Exercise 1: Complete the phrasal verbs in bold with an appropriate particle or particles (in, up, out, etc). The situation is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. It's getting late. Why don't you stay? I'll make _____ a bed for you. (The speaker is offering to prepare something – in this case a bed – for a friend) 2. Oh no! Someone has made _____ _____ my mobile phone. (Someone has stolen the speaker's mobile phone) 3. You haven't spoken to each other for days. I think it's time you both made _____. (The speaker thinks that two people should become friendly with each other again after an argument) 4. Can you make _____ the house in the dark? (Two people are trying to find their way to a friend's house in the countryside at night. Because it is dark, they are finding it difficult to see the house) 5. The car costs £2000. I'm paying £1500, and Sally is making _____ the rest. (Sally is making something – in this case a payment – complete: she is paying the other £500) 6. He made _____ that he had won the lottery. (Someone pretended that something was true when it wasn't) 7. I can't make _____ why he didn't come to the party. (The speaker is puzzled about a friend's absence from a party) 8. He made _____ some excuse about the dog eating his homework. (Someone has invented an explanation for something, probably to avoid being punished or embarrassed) 9. He made _____ the property to his daughter last week. (Someone has officially made someone else the owner of a building or piece of land) 10. It's getting late. I should make _____ home. (The speaker thinks she should move towards a place, in this case her home) 11. When he saw the police coming, he made _____ as quickly as possible. (Someone saw the police coming and left quickly) 12. Before I begin work, I should make _____ a list of all the things I need to do. (The speaker is going to write a list of things he needs to do) 13. What do you make _____ our new teacher? (The speaker is asking for someone's opinion about their teacher) 14. The wonderful hotel we stayed at made _____ _____ the terrible weather we had all through the holiday. (The speaker's hotel was so good that the terrible weather didn't matter so much) 15. I'm sorry I forgot your birthday. I'll make it _____ _____ you, I promise. (After doing something bad, the speaker promises to do something good in order to make someone feel better) Exercise 2: Some of the words in the following expressions that use make have been replaced with symbols. Each symbol represents a letter of the alphabet. Change these symbols back into letters to make words. The first two have been done for you. 1. Today is make ☺ day for the company. (Very important, resulting in success or failure) Answer: ☺ = or break: Today is make or break day for the company. 33  2. Everyone wants to make in Hollywood these days. (To be very successful) Answer: = it big: Everyone wants to make it big in Hollywood these days. 3. He's only one of our salesmen, but he makes ☺ he's the managing director of the company. (To pretend to be something that you are not) 4. Are you going to accept the job? I think that you need to make as soon as possible. (Make a decision) 5. The children made ☺ the chocolate and cakes. (To deal with something quickly and easily. In this case, the children ate the chocolate and cakes very quickly) 6. Paul thinks he can become rich by writing a book. He's living in a world of make- ! (The activity of pretending that something is real, or that a situation is better than it is) 7. You ate all the pizza! I can't believe you made like that! (To eat far too much food at one time) 8. It's a beautiful day. Let's make it. (To use a good situation to get the best possible result) 9. As soon as we got to the party, we made the food. (To go towards someone or something in the quickest possible way) 10. I'm really pleased for Anne. She's really made. (To become well-known or famous) 11. What is this a picture of? A man? A dog? A bunch of flowers? I can't make of it. (To be unable to understand something) 12. I don't earn much money, and I often have problems making. (To have enough money to pay for important things such as accommodation, food, clothing etc) 13. The job was really quite simple, but he was making it. (To make a situation or job much more difficult than it really is) 14. He makes the fact that he wants my job. (To talk about or do something in a very open way without feeling ashamed or embarrassed) 15. I tried to hang up some pictures in the living room, but I made ’ it. (Something that is very untidy or badly done) 16. She was seriously ill, but she managed to make it. (To treat something as not very serious) 17. People often think that she's very quiet and shy, but when you know her better you realise that she's made. (To be stronger in your character than people expect) 18. It was a very small incident. You didn't need to make. (To treat a minor problem as if it were a very serious problem) 34  Mixed idioms and other expressions This section looks at some common idioms and other expressions that are not included in the main exercises elsewhere in this book. Each of the three idioms and other expressions in bold in the following sentence groups can be completed with the same verb. Decide what that verb is in each case, and write it in the sentence. Make sure that you use it in its correct form. The meaning of each idiom is explained in italics at the end of each sentence. 1. (a) I've made a terrible mistake at work, and now my career is ________ by a thread. (to be very likely to fail) (b) I know things are difficult for you at the moment, but ________ in there, OK? (an informal spoken expression used for telling someone to continue doing something in a determined way) (c) How could you treat your best friend like that? ________ your head in shame! (a spoken expression used in a humorous way to tell someone that they have behaved badly) 2. (a) I'm afraid that your argument in favour of moving to a new office doesn't ________ much conviction. (to be capable of persuading someone that something is true, real or practical) (b) Laura's been ________ a torch for Martin for years. (to be in love with someone, usually without them realising this) (c) Dr Watson's opinions have always ________ great weight in this town. (to be respected and have influence) 3. (a) I think I've ________ foul of the boss again. (to get into trouble with someone or something) (b) You certainly ________ on your feet when you