CHD Final Exam PDF

CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e 1. Self concept a set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that define them 2. At this age and stage what Appearance, everyday behaviors, possessions a...

CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e 1. Self concept a set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and values that define them 2. At this age and stage what Appearance, everyday behaviors, possessions are the three things that define children's self-con- cept? 3. Self Esteem Judgments we make about our own worth and feelings associated with those judgments 4. What do preschoolers gain Emotional understanding, Emotional self-regu- in emotional competence? lation, Self-conscious emotions and empathy 5. Empathy vs. Sympathy Empathy benefits another person with no ex- pected reward for the self. For children with poor emotion regulation, empathy (feelings with an- other) leads to personal distress, not to sympa- thy (feelings for another) 6. When discussing parent- maintain the ability to think rationally and ing in parenting books choose actions according to values (whole brainchild) what is the high-road referring to? 7. For children with poor empathy (feelings with another) leads to person- emotion regulation what al distress, not to sympathy (feelings for anoth- does empathy lead to? er) 8. 4 types of play in peer so- nonsocial activity, parallel play, associative play, ciability in play cooperative play 9. nonsocial activity unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play 10. parallel play action in which children play with similar toys, in a similar manner, but do not interact with each other 11. associative play 1/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e children engage in separate activities but ex- change toys and comment on one another's behavior 12. cooperative play working toward a common goal (as in make-be- lieve play) 13. What are the 3 cognitive functional play, constructive play, make-believe play categories? play 14. According to the slides Encourages children to form a script that deters what is the power of induc- future transgressions. tive discipline? 15. Know the 7 points of posi- 1. use transgressions as opportunities to teach tive parenting 2. reduce opportunities for misbehavior 3. provide reasons for rules 4. arrange for children to participate in family routines and duties 5. when children are obstinate, try compromis- ing and problem solving 6. encourage mature behavior 7. be sensitive to children's physical and emo- tional resources 16. Know the four sources of Individual differences, family, social information aggression for kids in ear- processing deficits, media influences ly childhood and the treat- ment for aggressive chil- dren 17. Know Baumrind's par- Authoritative (high control, high emotional con- enting styles including nection), Permissive (low control, high emotion- whether theyare high or al connection), Authoritarian (high control, low low in control and connec- emotional connection), Uninvolved (low control, tion) low emotional connection) 18. Which parenting style is Authoritative, Children are more likely to comply most effective and why? and internalize control that appears fair and rea- sonable 2/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e 19. Nocturnal enuresis bedwetting during the night 20. What are the four causes More focus on new friends and activities, less of poor nutrition in middle on eating; Drop in percentage of children eating childhood? meals with family; Poor-quality diets high in soft drinks and fast foods; poverty 21. Has obesity rates risen Yes, urbanization and dietary shifts outside of the US? If so, why? 22. What are the causes of Heredity (overweight parents), Socioeconomic obesity in middle child- status, Early growth pattern of rapid weight gain, hood? Family eating habits: use of food as reward, overfeeding, parental control of children's in- take, Responsiveness to food cues vs. hunger, Lack of physical activity, Television viewing, Ear- ly malnutrition and growth stunting 23. In what county is obesity China rising primarily? 24. What are the two types of Family and school based interventions for treating childhood obesity? 25. What are the most com- Motor vehicle and bicycle mon types of unintention- al injuries in middle child- hood? 26. What is informal play and Games with rules (but not formally organized why is it declining in indus- sports): parental concern about neighborhood trialized countries? safety, competition from TV, video games, Inter- net, rise in adult-organized sports 27. What is participation generally associated with increased self-es- in adult-organized youth teem and social skills, 3/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e sports generally associat- ed with? 28. what are the valid criti- overemphasis on competition and adult control. cisms in adult-organized potential for social ostracism of weaker perform- youth sports? ers, especially for boys. 29. What can be done Build on children's interests. Teach age-appro- to provide developmental- priate skills. Emphasize enjoyment. Limit fre- ly appropriate organized quency and length of practices. Focus on per- sports? sonal and team improvement. Discourage un- healthy competition. Let children contribute to rules and strategies 30. Concrete operational 7-11 years, reasoning become logical, conser- vation develops (when shape changes amount stays the same 31. Seriation The ability to order items along a quantitative dimension such as length or weight 32. Transitive Inference ability to seriate mentally 33. Code switching code switching—producing an utterance in one language containing "guest" words from the oth- er 34. What are the three things Attention becomes more selective, planful, flex- that happen to attention in ible middle childhood? 35. What are 3 memory strate- Rehearsal: repeating items to oneself gies for middle childhood? Organization: grouping related items together Elaboration: creating relationship between pieces of information from different categories 36. What is the main differ- In the whole language approach children are ence between whole lan- exposed to text in complete form from the be- guage and phonics ap- ginning, in the phonics approach children are proach to reading? 4/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e first coached on phonics—rules for translating written symbols into sounds. 37. What are the 3 intelli- Analytical: Apply strategies, acquire task rele- gences in Sternberg's Tri- vant and metacognitive knowledge, engage in archic theory of success- self regulation. ful intelligence? What are Creative: solve novel problems, make process- the core abilities within ing skills automatic to free working memory for each of the intelligences? complex thinking. Practical intelligence: adapt/shape/select envi- ronments to meet both personal goals and the demands of one's everyday world 38. Be familiar with Gardner's Linguistic (Poet, Journalist) theory of multiple intelli- logico-mathematical (Mathematician) gences and a general ex- Musical (Instrumentalist, Composter) ample for each Spatial (Sculptor, Navigator) Bodily-kinesthetic (Dancer, Athlete) Naturalist (Biologist, Geologist) Interpersonal (Therapist, Salesperson) Intrapersonal (Person with detailed, accurate self-knowledge) 39. Is IQ contributed to hered- both ity or environmental fac- tors? 40. What are the benefits of Teachers in small classes spend less time dis- having a smaller class ciplining and spend more time teaching and size for teachers? for stu- giving individual attention. Children who learn dents? in smaller groups show better concentration, higher quality class participation, and more fa- vorable attitudes toward school. 41. What are the main differ- Traditional is more passive learning with teacher ences between the educa- as an instructor. Constructivist is more active tional philosophies (Tradi- learning with teacher as guidance through a tional vs. Constructivist) learning process. 42. 5/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e What are the factors that societal values, school resources, quality of affect educational quality? teaching, parental support 43. Where does the US rank on Intermediate (but on the verge of low) average math scores (high ,intermediate or low?) 44. Self-Concept The set of attributes, abilities, attitudes, and val- ues that an individual believes defines who he or she is 45. Self-Esteem An aspect of self-concept that involves judg- ments about one's own worth and the feelings associated with those judgments. 46. Perspective Taking ability to distinguish others' viewpoints from one's own 47. What do children use to Children form an ideal self that they use to eval- evaluate actual self? uate actual self 48. What four broad self-eval- academic competence uations do children use social competence in middle childhood for physical/athletic competence self-esteem? physical appearance 49. What are the other influ- Cultural values, Gender-stereotyped beliefs, ences on self-esteem? Child-rearing practices, Achievement-related attributions 50. What are the differences Mastery-oriented attributions: Attribution of suc- between the achieve- cesses to ability, Incremental view of ability (be- ment-related attributions lief that it can be improved through effort), focus of master-oriented and on learning goals learned helplessness? Learned helplessness: Attribution of failure to ability and success to luck, Fixed view of ability (belief that it cannot be changed), Focus on performance goals 51. 6/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e How do many kids in mid- When authority figures confer status distinc- dle childhood develop bi- tions, children may form biased attitudes. ased attitudes? 52. What are ways of reducing Intergroup contact in which racially and ethnical- prejudice? ly different children: - have equal status - work toward common goals - become personally acquainted - are expected by authority figures to interact 53. Know the categories of - Popular children: popular-prosocial, popu- peer acceptance. lar-antisocial - Rejected children: rejected-aggressive, reject- ed-withdrawn - Controversial children - Neglected children - Average children 54. What is a major concern of that their children will be stigmatized by parents' lesbian/gay parents? sexual orientation. 55. What are the immediate Instability, conflict, drop in income consequences of parental Parental stress, disorganized family life divorce? Affected by children's age, temperament, sex 56. What are the long-term Improved adjustment after two years consequences of parental More problems among boys, children with dif- divorce? ficult temperaments Affected by extent of father's involvement 57. Who da GOAT of childhood YOUUUUUUUUUUU development? 58. What are four ways of help- Divorce mediation, Parent education programs, ing families through di- Joint custody, Child support vorce? 59. What is the most common Mother-stepfather type of blended family? 7/8  CHD Final Exam Study online at https://quizlet.com/_g7jb0e 60. What are the benefits of higher self-esteem maternal employment and positive family and peer relations child development? fewer gender stereotypes better grades more father involvement 61. What are the drawbacks of less time for children maternal employment and risk of ineffective parenting child development? 62. What types of support are Father's participation in child-rearing responsi- needed for employed par- bilities, Part-time work or flexible schedules, Job ents and their families? sharing, On-site childcare, Paid leave when chil- dren are ill, Equal pay and employment oppor- tunities for women 8/8