Chapter5-review_sheet.docx

Chapter 5 – Tissues List the major tissue types in the body? Epithelial Tissue Covers the body surfaces, cavities and organs Also forms glands in the body Connective Tissue Bind structures together Support and protect other tissues This is the most diverse tissue type and the most widely spread tiss...

Chapter 5 – Tissues List the major tissue types in the body? Epithelial Tissue Covers the body surfaces, cavities and organs Also forms glands in the body Connective Tissue Bind structures together Support and protect other tissues This is the most diverse tissue type and the most widely spread tissue type Contain fewer cells than epithelial tissues Cells are surrounded by a substance called matrix The matrix may contain collagen, elastin, or reticular fibers Muscular Tissue Responsible for movement Nervous Tissue Carry electrical signals and connect all body parts to the brain and spinal cord Label the epithelial tissues below: connect the tissue with it’s location in the body. Write a location for each tissue below from your notes taken while watching the chapter 5 video. Pseudostratified columnar One layer of columnar cells but looks like more than one layer Contains goblet cells and cilia Located in the respiratory tract (Trachea) Simple cuboidal One layer of cube-shaped cells Located in linings of kidney tubule and duct of pancreas Functions in absorption and secretion Simple columnar One layer of tall, slender cells (microvilli on surface not cilia) Located in lining of digestive and respiratory tract Functions in absorption and secretion Stratified squamous Several layers of flat cells Located in the mouth, vagina and anus Keratinized form found in the skin (Barrier) Stratified cuboidal Usually two layers of cube shaped cells Located in ducts of mammary glands, sweat glands, and salivary glands Functions in protection Simple squamous One layer of flattened cells Located in air sacs of lungs and line blood capillaries Allows exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes Transitional Cells that change shape Found in the wall of the urinary bladder When the bladder is full the cells flatten Stratified columnar Several layers of tall, slender cells Rare, located in urethra (tube that transports urine) Mammary ducts, Epididymus Functions in protection and secretion Shape Number of Layers Example Locations Functions Squamous (flat,scale-like cells) Simple (single layer) Lining of heart and blood vessels, air sacs of lungs Allows passage of materials by diffusion Stratified (more than one layer) Linings of mouth, esophagus, and vagina; outer layer of skin Protects underlying areas Cuboidal (cube-shaped cells) Simple Kidney tubules, secretory portion of glands and their ducts Secretes; absorbs Stratified Ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands Protects underlying areas Columnar Simple Most digestive tract (stomach to anus), air tubes of lungs (bronchi), excretory ducts of some glands, uterus Absorbs; secretes mucus, enzymes, and other substances Stratified Rare; urethra, junction of esophagus and stomach Protects underlying areas, secretes List and describe 3 types of junctions between cells. Tight junctions Zipper like connection Adhesion Junctions (Desmosome) Protein filaments connect cells Gap Junction Protein that create channels between the cells Write a location for each connective tissue below: Areolar Loose Widely distributed and holds the skin on and binds organs together Wraps and cushions organs Adipose Fat Found under the skin, around kidneys and heart Functions in energy storage and insulation, cushion for organs Reticular Dense connective Contains fibroblast cells and collagen fibers Location Tendon – connects muscle to bone Ligament – connects bones together Cartilage Contains cells called chondrocytes Lack blood vessels (avascular) and nerves Healing slower than bone and other connective tissues Bone Contains cells called osteocytes Most rigid connective tissue (hardest) Protects and supports body parts Works with muscle to provide movement Stores calcium and phosphorus Produces blood cells Tree trunk like Blood Contains a liquid matrix called plasma and formed elements Plasma- mostly water and also contains nutrients, gases, wastes, salts, and hormones Formed elements – cells and cell fragments White blood cells Help fight infection Red blood cells Transport O2 to cells Platelets Help with clotting Elastic Contains fibroblast cells Collagen and elastic fibers Location Wall of large arteries Aorta Name 3 types of cartilage and give a location for each. Hyaline White cartilage Most abundant and provides support and flexibility The matrix contains tiny collagen fibers that are not visible Found in the embryonic skeleton, nose etc Elastic Matrix contains elastic fibers that help maintain shape Located in the auricle of the ear Fibrocartilage Matrix contains large collagen fibers Resistant to stretch Located in the intervertebral disc between vertebra Name 3 types of muscular tissue and tell how each is unique. Give a location for each in the body. Provides movement Skeletal Striated and voluntary Attached to the skeleton – chest muscle example Responsible for voluntary movement Multi-nucleated Cardiac Striated and involuntary Branched fibers Found in wall of heart – exclusive to heart Smooth (Visceral) Non-striated and involuntary Spindle shaped cells Found in walls of hollow internal structures such as the intestines and blood vessels Type Description Example Locations Functions Skeletal Long, cylindrical cells; multiple nuclei per cell; obvious striations Muscles attached to bones Provides voluntary movement Cardiac Branching, striated cells; one nucleus; specialized junctions between cells Wall of heart Contracts and propels blood through the circulatory system Smooth Cells taper at each end; single nucleus; arranged in sheets; no striations Walls of digestive system, blood vessels, and tubules of urinary system Propels substances or objects through internal passageways Name the cell types in blood and give a function for each. Formed elements – cells and cell fragments White blood cells Help fight infection Red blood cells Transport O2 to cells Platelets Help with clotting Describe nervous tissue (include the parts of the neuron and a definition for neuroglia in your description). Neurons Nerve cells that generate impulses that are conducted to other neurons, muscle cells, or glands Parts of neuron Dendrites Nerve processes that carry electrical signals to the cell body Cell body Contains the nucleus and cytoplasm Axon Nerve process that carry electrical signals away from the cell body Synaptic knobs Neuroglia Support cells in nervous tissue