Computer Hardware and Software Guide PDF

On the Motherboard Chapter 3 This presentation covers: > Benefits of Active Listening > Motherboard Parts > Processor Basics > Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)  Qualities of a Good Technician “Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essentia...

On the Motherboard Chapter 3 This presentation covers: > Benefits of Active Listening > Motherboard Parts > Processor Basics > Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)  Qualities of a Good Technician “Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essential Active Listening Benefits > Gather data and symptoms quickly > Build customer rapport > Improved understanding of the issue > Mutual understanding between technician and customer > Means of positive communication between technician and customer > Focus on customer instead of technician > Customer may be more forthcoming with pertinent information The Motherboard CPU Socket RAM Slots Processor Expansion Slots  Processor Basics The number of bits processed at one time is the processor’s register size (word size). Today’s CPUs have register sizes of 64 or 128 bits.  The Processor > Have a variety of speeds > Are measure in gigahertz (GHz) > Hertz is a measurement of cycles per second > 1 Hertz = 1 cycle per second > 1 GHz = 1 billion cycles per second > Today’s processors run at speeds near 5GHz Intel Processor  Buses External data bus > An internal bus are the electronic lines inside the CPU > Comprised of 16 separate lines > The external bus connects the CPU to external devices > Lines are viewable between expansion slots on the motherboard > Some are used to send data out along the external bus to expansion slots Internal data bus CPU Processing Data Pipelines > Processors have multiple pipelines, or separate internal buses that operate simultaneously > Process are broken down into smaller tasks and each line helps complete the entire process faster > A 32- or 64-bit CPU can have separate paths, each of which handles 32 or 64 bits Speeding Up Processor Operations > Determining processor speed > Look at model number on the chip > Windows -> File Explorer -> right-click Computer/This PC and select Properties > Cache > L1, L2, L3 Data Access Hierarchy Speeding Up Processor Operations > Clocking > Threading > Multithreading > Hyperthreading Technology (HT) Multi-Core Processors > A dual-core processor combines two CPUs in a single unit > A tri-core processor has three processors in a single unit > Both Intel and AMD have quad-core CPU technologies > Two dual-core CPUs installed on the same mother-board and two dual- core CPUs installed in a single socket – OR – > Most recent models have all four cores installed in one unit > Hexa-core processors have six cores > Octa-core processors have eight cores Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) > A GPU provides better video card performance with an adapter > Contain hundreds of smaller core processors > GPUs can also be used for other purposes that are not directly related to graphics that increase system performance > These are general-purpose GPU (GPGPU) > A computer system can have multiple GPUs Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) IGP within the same housing as the CPU cores CPU vs. GPU Virtualization Intel Processors AMD Processors Processor Sockets > Motherboards have a specific CPU socket in which only certain processors will fit. © 2016 Pearson Education Inc. Processor Cooling > Heat sink > Fan > Liquid cooling > Passive cooling (just a heat sink) Processor Cooling Processor Installation 1. Power off the computer and remove power cord. 2. Use proper anti-static handling procedures. 3. Release the CPU retention plate. 4. Insert the CPU into the socket and remember that it only inserts one way. Processor Troubleshooting PCI, PCI-X, AGP, and PCIe adapters & slots Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) > Four varieties > 32-bit 33MHz > 32-bit 66MHz > 64-bit 33MHz > 64-bit 66MHz Most common PCI expansion slot Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) AGP Expansion Slot > Bus interface for graphics adapters developed from the PCI bus > AGP speeds up 3-D graphics, 3-D acceleration, and full-motion playback > Video subsystem is isolated from the rest of the computer AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) PCIe > PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) > PCI, PCI-X, and AGP have been replaced with PCIe (PCI Express) or PCI-E > PCIe outperforms all other types of PCI expansion slots > PCIe sends data full-duplex bidirectionally (sends and receives at the same time) > PCIe slots are shown with the number of lanes that can be used simultaneously (x1, x2, x4, x8, x16 or x32) Bus Bandwidth (PCI, AGP, PCIe)  PCIe Slots > A PCIe x1 adapter can fit in an x1 or higher slot > A PCIe x8 adapter can fit in an x8 or higher slot > Just because the slot is an x16 slot, it does not mean that all 16 lanes are used—refer to the documentation PCIe Versions PCIe Versions Chipsets Types of Motherboards Computer Terms Refer to the glossary terms at the end of the textbook chapter. Review Chapter 3 and become familiar with the terms. This PPT deck was developed to support instruction of The Complete CompTIA A+ Guide to IT Hardware and Software 7th Ed. All text and images are © 2016 Pearson Education Inc Fotolia Image Credits Chapter 3: Aleksei Lazukov, Oleksandr Delyk, Timur Anikin, Y. L. Photographies, Denis Dryashkin, Auran, Graham Kidd Zenith, markd800, Denis Dryashkin, markd800, Hellen Sergeyeva, Bondarau, algre, iQoncept