Recovery Process (Week 2) PDF

Recovery Process (Week 2) Ch2: DR NUR NABILAH SHAHIDAN ROOM BSP 2.18  FR Recovery Process: Normal recovery process Bone healing process Add a footer...

Recovery Process (Week 2) Ch2: DR NUR NABILAH SHAHIDAN ROOM BSP 2.18  FR Recovery Process: Normal recovery process Bone healing process Add a footer 2 This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  INJURY General categories: FR a.INFLAMMATION 1. Normal Wound complex biological response of vascular Healing Process: tissues to harmful stimuli, such as Sequence of host pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. 1.HEMOSTASIS Inflammation serve to contain, reaction 4 WOUND HEALING RESPONSE neutralize, dilute or wall off injuries agent or process The wound healing video are 2.INFLAMMATION discussing inflammation b.CELLULAR RESPONSE TO REPAIR categories that consist of hemostasis and inflammation process. 3.PROLIFERATION Healing and reconstitute of the injured / implant site through replacement of the injures tissue by regeneration of native parenchymal cells, formation 4.REMODELLING scar tissue or combination of this two process 3  FR a. HEMOSTASIS a. HEMOSTASIS There are 3 mechanisms that work together to stop the flow of blood. They are : 1. Vasoconstriction (transient : 5 -10 mins) 2. Platelet plug formation 3. Clotting of blood Fibrinogen change into fibrin protease Fibrin is a natural type of scaffolding. 4 FR  FR b. INFLAMMATION Vasodilation INSIDE : Macrophage & Neutrophils:- Plasma leakage & go to the injured site and attack/engulf the leukocyte migrate antigen/bacteria Initiate inflammatory response Outside: Clinically: Swelling due to vasodilation Redness Warm Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 6  FR Macrophage: main producer for growth factors (PDGF & TGF-6) Causing recruitment of fibroblast c.PROLIFERATION Proliferation of ECM by fibroblast Proliferation of endothelial cell / Angiogenisis Produce ECM (extracellular matrix) & collagen 7  FR d. REMODELLING Wound contraction : Wound heal, however appearance may not as normal skin Collagen remodelling: Mature phase Collagen remodelled into more organised matrix It may take additional time to align the fibers in the direction of stress and to crosslink procollagen molecules to increase the physical strength closer to that of normal tissue This collagen restructuring process requires weeks to months to complete. 8  Bone Healing Add a footer 9  FR 2. Bone healing Cross section of the bone  2. Bone healing INJURY FR a. HEMATOMA INFLAMMATION SOFT CALLUS b. FORMATION c. BONY/HARD CALLUS FORMATION d. REMODELLING  OSTEOCLAST 2. Bone healing OSTEOBLASTS FR When a bone breaks, the first thing that happens is bleeding from blood vessels in the bone and periosteum, followed by formation of a clot (hematoma) at the break. Within a few days, connective tissue cells called fibroblasts grow inward from the periosteum and invade the clot. The fibroblasts secrete collagen fibers that form a mass called a callus, which links the broken surfaces of the bone. Some of the fibroblasts then transform into cartilage-producing cells that secrete cartilage into the callus. Next, osteoblasts from the periosteum invade the callus and begin to transform the newly deposited cartilage into new bone material, changing it into a bony callus. During this transformation, the bony callus becomes thicker than the undamaged part of the bone and protrudes from it. In time, however, the extra material will be broken down, and the healed part of the bone returns to nearly normal size. FR