Chapter 9. Green Buildings PDF

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY (EGRE 1230) Engineering Department UTAS - Suhar Chapter - 9 Green Buildings  Course Plan – FL 2024 Course Title Introduction to Renewable Energy Course Code EGRE1230 Semester FL2024 -...

INTRODUCTION TO RENEWABLE ENERGY (EGRE 1230) Engineering Department UTAS - Suhar Chapter - 9 Green Buildings  Course Plan – FL 2024 Course Title Introduction to Renewable Energy Course Code EGRE1230 Semester FL2024 - AY 2024-2025 Pre - Requisite Nil Co – Requisite Nil Type of Course Mandatory Language of Instruction English Credit Hours 3 (2 Theory+ 2 Practical) © 2024 University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Suhar, Oman All Rights Reserved No part of this publication maybe reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.  Course Content 1. Understand the different sources of energy, classification, storage and conversion systems. 2. Unit conversion for parameters involved in energy systems. 3. Understand the concepts, scope of conventional and non-conventional energy sources. 4. Estimate the solar energy, various solar energy applications and conversion techniques, principles involved in solar energy collection and conversion of it to electricity generation. 5. Design of solar PV system for domestic application. 6. Identify wind energy as an alternate form of energy and concept of wind energy conversion system. 7. Types of wind turbines and aero foil shape concepts and composite material selection for turbine blade. 8. wind power coefficient and efficiency calculations. 9. Utilization of biomass energy- types, concepts of thermo chemical and biological methods. 10. Utilization of geothermal energy & ocean energy and fuel cells. 11. Utilization of fuel cells, types and working principle. 12. Distinguish between active and passive design at different building scales. 13. Be able to identify green building energy efficient materials. 14. Green Building Standards and Certification Systems  History of Green Building In the 1960s, American architect Paul Soleri proposed a new concept of ecological architecture. In 1969, American architect Ian McHarg wrote the book "Design Integrates Nature", which marked the official birth of ecological architecture. In the 1970s, the energy crisis caused various building energy-saving technologies such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and wind energy to emerge, and energy-saving buildings became the forerunner of building development.  History of Green Building In 1992, because the "United Nations Conference on Environment and Development" promoted the idea of sustainable development, green buildings gradually became the direction of development. In 1993, the United States created the Green Building Association. In 1996, Hong Kong introduced Green Building Standards. In 1999, Taiwan introduced Green Building Standards. In 2000, Canada introduced Green Building Standards. In 2005, Singapore initiated the "BCA Green Building Mark" In 2015, China implemented the "Green Building Evaluation Standards".  What is Green Building Green Building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) expands and compliments the building design concerns of economy, utility, durability and comfort. A Green Building is one which uses less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural resources, generates less waste and provides healthier space for occupants as compared to conventional building. Green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact on human health and natural environment. Using energy, water and other resources efficiently. By reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation. Green Building Concept Sustainable site planning Building Design Optimization Energy Performance Optimization Renewal Energy Utilization Water and Waste Management Solid Waste Management Sustainable Building materials and Construction Technology Health, well being and Environmental Quality  How to Make Green Building Sustainable site planning with bioclimatic architectural planning Design energy efficient lighting and HVAC ( Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning ) system. Use low energy and renewable materials. Choose construction materials and interior finishes products with zero or low emissions to improve indoor air quality. Use dimensional planning and other material efficiency strategies. Design for gray water system that recovers rain water for site irrigation and dual plumbing system for use of recycled water for toilet flushing.  Need in Present Scenario Buildings are responsible for 40% of world wide energy flow and material use conventional buildings have been identified as the largest source of green house gas emissions, even more than that of the transport and industry sector. 8000 lbs of waste are typically thrown into a landfill during the construction of a 2000sqft home. The buildings in the US consume more than twice as much energy as all the cars in the US. Buildings account for 68% of total electricity consumption in the US. Buildings use 80% of total drinking water consumption in the US. Indoor levels of pollution are commonly 2 to 5 times higher than outdoor pollution levels.  Objectives of Green Building Protecting Occupant Health Improving employee productivity Using energy, water and other resources more efficiently Reducing overall impact to the environment Optimal environmental and economic performance Satisfying and Quality Indoor spaces  Benefits of Green Building Buildings have large effect on environment, human health and environment. The successful adoption of Green Building Development can maximize both economic and environmental performance of buildings. Environmental Benefits: Protect Biodiversity and ecosystems Improve air and water quality Reduce waste streams Conserve natural resources  Benefits of Green Building Economic Benefits: Reduce operating costs Create, Expand and Shape markets for green product and services Improve Occupant Productivity Social Benefits: Enhance occupant comfort and health Heighten aesthetic qualities Minimize strain on local infrastructure Improve overall quality of life  Features of Green Building Minimal disturbance to landscapes and site condition Use of non-toxic, recycled /recyclable materials Efficient use of water and water recycling Use of energy efficient and eco-friendly equipments Use of renewable energy Good Indoor air quality for human safety and comfort Effective controls and building management system  Merits of Green Building Efficient Technologies Easier Maintenance Return of Investment Improved Indoor Air Quality Energy Efficiency Water Efficiency Waste Reduction Temperature Moderation Water Conservation Economical Construction for Poor Healthier Lifestyles and Recreation Improved Health  Demerits of Green Building Initial Cost is High Availability of Materials is Less Need More time to Construct Need Skilled Workers  Green Building Ratings A green building rating system is an evaluation tool that measures environmental performance of a building through its life cycle Comprises of a set of criteria covering various parameters related to design, construction and operation of a green building Each criterion has pre-assigned points and sets performance benchmarks and goals that are largely quantifiable A project is awarded points once it fulfills the rating criteria. The points are added up and the final rating of a project is decided. Globally, green building rating systems are largely voluntary in nature and have been instrumental in raising awareness and popularizing green building design.  Green Building Ratings BREEAM: Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method was developed in UK in 1990. GBTool: GBTool was developed by the International Frame work Committee for the Green Building Challenge, an international project that has involved more than 25 countries since1998. LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design was developed in the US in1998. CASBEE: Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency was developed in Japan, in 2001. IGBC: Indian Green Building Council was formed in the year 2001.  Fundamental Principles 1. Structural design efficiency: It is the concept of sustainable building and has largest impact on cost and performance It aims to minimize the environment impact associated with all life-cycles 2. Energy efficiency: The layout of the construction can be strategized so that natural light pours for additional warmth Shading the roof with trees offers an eco-friendly alternative to air conditioning  Fundamental Principles 3. Water efficiency: To minimize water consumption one should aim to use the water which has been collected, used, purified and reused 4. Material efficiency: Material should be use that can be recycled and generate surplus amount of energy an examples of this are solar power panels, not only they provide lightening but they are also a useful energy source 5. Waste and toxic reduction: it is probable to reuse resources what may be waste to us may have another benefit to something else  Questions? Engineering Department- Electrical University of Technology and Applied Sciences - Sohar Sultanate of Oman 25