Chapter 8 Quiz 1 - Adolescent Development PDF

1. **What is Erikson\'s fifth stage of the human lifespan experienced during adolescence?**\ A. Autonomy versus doubt\ B. Intimacy versus isolation\ C. Identity versus identity confusion\ D. Generativity versus stagnation\ **Answer:** C 2. **What does Marcia\'s \'identity...

1. **What is Erikson\'s fifth stage of the human lifespan experienced during adolescence?**\ A. Autonomy versus doubt\ B. Intimacy versus isolation\ C. Identity versus identity confusion\ D. Generativity versus stagnation\ **Answer:** C 2. **What does Marcia\'s \'identity diffusion\' status represent?**\ A. Crisis present but no commitment\ B. Lack of crisis and commitment\ C. Commitment without crisis\ D. Crisis and commitment present\ **Answer:** B 3. **Which component is NOT part of ethnic--racial identity (ERI)?**\ A. Geographic mobility\ B. Sense of membership\ C. Attitudes toward membership\ D. Cultural pride\ **Answer:** A 4. **What are the primary methods parents use for monitoring adolescents?**\ A. Solicitation, control, and snooping\ B. Observation, discussion, and secrecy\ C. Induction, punishment, and reinforcement\ D. Communication, trust, and tracking\ **Answer:** A 5. **Which type of peer group is typically larger and less personal?**\ A. Clique\ B. Crowd\ C. Dyad\ D. Coalition\ **Answer:** B 6. **What does Erikson\'s term \'psychosocial moratorium\' describe?**\ A. A temporary withdrawal from social groups\ B. The gap between childhood security and adult autonomy\ C. A focus on vocational identity\ D. The process of resolving identity conflicts\ **Answer:** B 7. **Which stage of adolescent romantic relationships involves consolidating emotional bonds?**\ A. Casual dating\ B. Exploring romantic relationships\ C. Entering into romantic attractions\ D. Consolidating dyadic romantic bonds\ **Answer:** D 8. **What is the main characteristic of Marcia\'s \'identity achievement\' status?**\ A. No crisis or commitment\ B. Commitment without crisis\ C. Crisis without commitment\ D. Crisis and commitment are present\ **Answer:** D 9. **What factor is most associated with adolescent depression in Canada?**\ A. Social media use\ B. Improved parent-adolescent relationships\ C. Higher academic performance\ D. Increased physical activity\ **Answer:** A 10. **Which parenting style is linked to better adolescent adjustment?**\ A. Authoritarian\ B. Authoritative\ C. Permissive\ D. Neglectful\ **Answer:** B 11. **How might a psychologist address an adolescent struggling with identity confusion?**\ A. Promote avoidance of group influences\ B. Encourage exploration of different roles and commitments\ C. Focus solely on vocational training\ D. Restrict social interactions to limit distractions\ **Answer:** B 12. **What strategy might help mitigate parental conflict with teenagers over autonomy?**\ A. Enforce strict rules with no exceptions\ B. Promote peer-based decision-making\ C. Avoid discussions on independence\ D. Gradually relinquish control where adolescents can make reasonable decisions\ **Answer:** D 13. **What parental behavior most likely promotes positive adolescent adjustment?**\ A. Warm relationships with opportunities for honest disclosure\ B. Frequent monitoring and questioning\ C. Strict enforcement of rules\ D. Reduced communication to promote independence\ **Answer:** A 14. **Which intervention might reduce bullying among adolescents?**\ A. Reducing adult oversight during social interactions\ B. Creating safe environments that promote peer support\ C. Encouraging competitive academic tasks\ D. Implementing strict disciplinary actions only\ **Answer:** B 15. **How can ethnic--racial identity act as a buffer for adolescents?**\ A. It reduces the psychological effects of discrimination.\ B. It eliminates exposure to prejudice.\ C. It discourages cultural exploration.\ D. It strengthens socioeconomic status.\ **Answer:** A 16. **What is a key difference between cliques and crowds?**\ A. Crowds are larger and based on reputation.\ B. Cliques are larger and more diverse.\ C. Crowds involve direct friendships.\ D. Cliques are formed based on reputation.\ **Answer:** A 17. **What is the purpose of theater-based wellness interventions for Indigenous youth?**\ A. Promoting identity exploration and resilience\ B. Encouraging artistic careers\ C. Limiting community interactions\ D. Fostering isolation from peers\ **Answer:** A 18. **What does Erikson\'s term \'psychosocial moratorium\' describe?**\ A. A temporary withdrawal from social groups\ B. The gap between childhood security and adult autonomy\ C. A focus on vocational identity\ D. The process of resolving identity conflicts\ **Answer:** B 19. **What parenting strategy is least effective in fostering adolescent trust?**\ A. Snooping\ B. Solicitation\ C. Open communication\ D. Control\ **Answer:** A 20. **What factor increases the likelihood of bullying victimization among adolescents?**\ A. Anxious and socially withdrawn behaviors\ B. Involvement in peer groups\ C. High academic achievement\ D. Strong parental monitoring\ **Answer:** A 21. **What is the main goal of rites of passage in many traditional cultures?**\ A. Transitioning individuals to adult status\ B. Separating individuals from their peers\ C. Establishing community hierarchies\ D. Reducing cultural ties\ **Answer:** A 22. **What is the primary role of supportive friends during adolescence?**\ A. To fulfill social and emotional needs like intimacy and companionship\ B. To replace family connections\ C. To encourage autonomy exclusively\ D. To resolve conflicts with parents\ **Answer:** A 23. **Which parenting style is linked to better adolescent adjustment?**\ A. Authoritative\ B. Authoritarian\ C. Permissive\ D. Neglectful\ **Answer:** A 24. **What factor is most associated with adolescent depression in Canada?**\ A. Social media use\ B. Improved parent-adolescent relationships\ C. Higher academic performance\ D. Increased physical activity\ **Answer:** A 25. **Which parenting style promotes the most positive outcomes for adolescent autonomy?**\ A. Authoritative\ B. Permissive\ C. Neglectful\ D. Authoritarian\ **Answer:** A 26. **How might a counselor help a parent navigate adolescent autonomy conflicts?**\ A. Encourage gradual independence in low-risk areas\ B. Promote strict adherence to rules\ C. Reduce discussions about independence\ D. Focus solely on peer interactions\ **Answer:** A 27. **What school-based intervention might reduce adolescent depression levels?**\ A. Teaching coping strategies and emotional regulation\ B. Increasing homework assignments\ C. Encouraging competition among peers\ D. Focusing only on academic achievements\ **Answer:** A 28. **How can educators make high school graduation more meaningful for adolescents?**\ A. Integrate cultural and personal rites of passage\ B. Shorten the ceremony length\ C. Limit parental involvement\ D. Focus on standardized testing outcomes\ **Answer:** A 29. **What is the most effective way to address adolescent risky behavior?**\ A. Promote positive risk-taking opportunities with peer involvement\ B. Focus on punitive measures only\ C. Encourage risk avoidance entirely\ D. Limit adolescent autonomy\ **Answer:** A 30. **Why is the dual systems theory relevant to adolescent risk-taking behavior?**\ A. It explains the imbalance between cognitive control and reward sensitivity.\ B. It emphasizes the impact of social exclusion.\ C. It attributes risk-taking to parental absence.\ D. It links decision-making solely to education.\ **Answer:** A 31. **What is the primary cause of conflict between adolescents and parents over autonomy?**\ A. Differing views on independence and responsibility\ B. Financial disagreements\ C. Choice of peer groups\ D. Academic performance\ **Answer:** A 32. **How does social media use affect adolescent mental health?**\ A. Problematic use is linked to higher depression and anxiety.\ B. It always improves peer connections.\ C. It reduces the need for in-person interactions.\ D. It limits emotional expression.\ **Answer:** A 33. **What distinguishes crowds in adolescent social structures?**\ A. Membership is based on reputation.\ B. Members share personal connections.\ C. Crowds have formal leadership.\ D. They involve daily interactions.\ **Answer:** A 34. **What factor is most associated with early identity foreclosure in adolescents?**\ A. Parental imposition of values\ B. Frequent peer influence\ C. High levels of autonomy\ D. Exploration of multiple roles\ **Answer:** A 35. **Why is positive ethnic identity important for adolescents from minority groups?**\ A. It buffers against prejudice and enhances self-esteem.\ B. It isolates them from mainstream culture.\ C. It discourages academic engagement.\ D. It limits peer relationships.\ **Answer:** A 36. **What is the impact of cyberbullying on adolescents?**\ A. Increased mental health challenges\ B. Reduced peer conflicts\ C. Improved coping mechanisms\ D. Enhanced academic performance\ **Answer:** A 37. **Why is it important to address bullying early in childhood?**\ A. To prevent long-term social, mental, and physical harm\ B. To reduce academic competition\ C. To eliminate peer relationships\ D. To increase social hierarchies\ **Answer:** A 38. **What is a key feature of psychosocial moratorium in adolescence?**\ A. Freedom to explore without full adult responsibilities\ B. Rapid commitment to roles\ C. Reduced social interactions\ D. Enhanced academic pressures\ **Answer:** A 39. **What factor increases the effectiveness of parental monitoring?**\ A. Open communication and warmth\ B. Strict enforcement of rules\ C. Frequent snooping\ D. Avoiding discussions about autonomy\ **Answer:** A 40. **What is the most common consequence of insecure attachment in adolescents?**\ A. Difficulty forming close relationships\ B. Greater independence from peers\ C. Improved academic performance\ D. Reduced emotional reactivity\ **Answer:** A