Chapter 8 Obesity.ppt

Chapter 8 Obesity What is obesity Body mass indix Body mass index With a BMI You are (BMI) weight (kg)/ of: considered: height squared (m2). Below 18.5 Underweight BMI is significantly correlated with total 18.5 - 24.9 Healthy Weight body fat content. 25.0 - 29.9 Overweight 30 or higher Obese Classe...

Chapter 8 Obesity What is obesity Body mass indix Body mass index With a BMI You are (BMI) weight (kg)/ of: considered: height squared (m2). Below 18.5 Underweight BMI is significantly correlated with total 18.5 - 24.9 Healthy Weight body fat content. 25.0 - 29.9 Overweight 30 or higher Obese Classes of obesity Obesity is further divided into three separate classes, with Class III obesity being the most extreme the With a BMI Youof are of: considered: three. Below 18.5 Underweight 18.5 - 24.9 Healthy Weight 25.0 - 29.9 Overweight 30 or higher Obese Obesity class BMI (kg/m2) Class I 30.034.9 Class II 35.0-39.9 Class III ≥ 40.0 (Extreme Obesity) Risks Being overweight/obese substantially raises one’s risk of morbidity from: Hypertension Dyslipidemia Type 2 Diabetes Coronary Heart Disease – Stroke – – – – – – – – Gallbladder Disease Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea Certain cancers (endometrial, breast, prostate, colon) Higher body weights are also associated with increases in all-cause Risks, Cont. Obesity is also associated with: – High blood cholesterol – Stress incontinence – Complications of pregnancy ( urine leakage caused by weak pelvic-floor muscles) – Menstrual irregularities – Hirsutism (presence of excess body facial hair) and – Psychological disorders such as depression – Increased surgical risk What causes obesity? Energy imbalance over a long period of time. Energy in > Energy out. Excess calories and lack of physical activity. Energy balance is like a scale. When calories consumed are greater than calories used, weight gain is the result. Negative attitudes toward Obese Individuals Negative attitudes affecting interactions Stereotypes leading to: – Stigma – Rejection – Prejudice – Discrimination Verbal, physical and relational forms Subtle and overt expressions – Peer teasing – Teacher bias How do people respond to weight bias? Poor self-esteem, depression Avoidance of medical care Overeating / Binge eating Physical inactivity Binge eating disorder Abnormal for circumstances? Marked distress? Binge eating disorder (BED) Recurrent episodes of binge eating, an episode being characterized by both of the following: − Eating, in a discrete (separate) amount of time (e.g., within a 2-hour time period), an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during a similar period of time in similar circumstances − A sense of lack of control during the episodes, for example, a feeling that one can’t stop eating or control what or how much one is eating Binge eating disorder (BED), Cont. Marked distress about binge eating Frequency of 2 days per week for 6 months Does not occur only during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa Strategies to prevent obesity Assessing Your Behavior and Environment Adopting Healthy Habits Other Behaviors that will help you prevent obesity. Assessing your behavior and environment Knowing the amount and type of food you eat Knowing your physical activity habits If you live in an environment dominated by speed and convenience you will need to set time aside for exercise Avoid high-calorie foods if possible Assessing your behavior and environment examples Keep a daily food diary and activity diary – This allows you to see how much food you intake and how much physical activity you endure throughout the day. Shopping Guide – Knowing healthy food before going to the store can save time and improve eating habits Adopting healthy habits Other Behaviors that will help you prevent obesity.