PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information (Lebanese International University, Spring 2023 - 2024) PDF

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Spring Semester, 2023 - 2024 Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 4. Drug Informat...

Lebanese International University School of Pharmacy Pharmacy Practice Department PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Spring Semester, 2023 - 2024 Chapters: 1. Medical Terminologies 2. Drug Evaluation Monograph 3. Pharmacist Patient Care Process (PPCP) 4. Drug Information Resources 5. Drug Consult 6. Referencing 7. Drug Information Center (DIC) 8. Introduction to Biostatistics 9. Evaluation of Literature 10. Evaluation of Journal Club 11. Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines 2  School of Pharmacy Lebanese International University PHAR200 – Introduction to Drug Information Chapter 7: Drug Information Center (DIC) f 3  Drug Information Center (DIC) Drug Information is the provision of unbiased, well-referenced, and critically evaluated information on any aspect of pharmacy practice Drug Informatics emphasizes the use of technology as an integral tool in effectively organizing, analyzing and managing information on medications Drug Information Center (DIC), is an operational unit that provides technical and scientific information about drugs for optimum patient care in an objective and timely manner o Relies on 3 major components: 1. Human: Qualified personnel 2. Material: Resources 3. Mean: accessibility → Phone, fax, email,… 4  DIC Goals Drug Information Center Goals: o Stimulate the effective use of drug information resources by pharmacists, physicians, and other health care professionals o Educate pharmacy students to serve as effective providers of drug information o Expand the role of the pharmacist in providing drug information services to the hospital and community o Supervise and monitor the continuing education program introduced by the Order of Pharmacists of Lebanon (OPL) o Train the pharmacists and the students on using the e-Library and the online Continuing Education (CE) software o Correct and update the Order's drugs database 5  DIC Major Activities Drug Formulary Publications Staff Investigatio- information activities development nal drug program activities 1 2 3 4 5  DIC Major Activities: Drug Information  Provide medication information to patients & families, health care professionals  Monitor adverse drug reactions (pharmaco-vigilance) and medication errors  Educate providers about medication-related policies and procedures to support optimal medication use  Maintain drug database  DIC Major Activities: Formulary Activities  Prepare drug monographs  Evaluation of new drugs  Evaluation of existing drugs  DIC Major Activities: Publications  Publishing newsletters to educate patients, families, and health care professionals on medication use 9  DIC Major Activities: Staff Development  Providing continuing-education services to the healthcare professional staff  Assist in planning and implementing clinical programs → Affiliation between DICs and educational programs is essential to the pharmacy practice programs  Developing training modules for pharmacists in clinical areas  Educating pharmacy students and residents  Developing and maintaining an active research program 10  DIC Major Activities: Investigational Drug Program Activities The Investigational Drug Services (IDS) is a research pharmacy charged with maintaining the control and accountability of investigational agents (FDA approved and non-approved) in compliance with: o Good Clinical Practices (GCPs) o Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) o Other regulations and laws as appropriate It will: o Assist with ongoing investigational drug studies upon request of the principle investigator o Ensure compliance with laws and establishes investigational procedures 11  Considerations of DIC A. Equipment Telephone → The lines should be designed to allow immediate, direct access to the center Computers ⮚ Databases are available for information management, retrieval, and communication ⮚ Documentation of questions and responses, and preparation of reports of adverse drug events ⮚ Computerized medical records can also be a valuable tool in assessing either individual patient needs or population-based needs Fax machine Printer & Copier machine 12  Considerations of DIC B. Specific area It should be close to the pharmacy department to allow both pharmacy staff & other healthcare providers to reach it easily A sign or label on the door the to specify who will be allowed to enter the DIC room It can be inside the pharmacy department C. Personnel Specific Criteria: Pharm.D degree, MS degree, BS degree with specialized training in drug information center, experience minimum 1-2 years, residency, fellowship General Criteria: ⮚ Computers skills ⮚ The person should be cooperative, confident, accurate, good English language 13  Considerations of DIC D. Resources Types of Resources: ⮚ Tertiary Resources (Textbooks, handbooks) ⮚ Secondary Resources (Index and abstract primary resources with the goal of directing user to primary resources) ⮚ Primary resources (Journals) It is the responsibility of the pharmacist to ensure that up-to-date resources are available 14  Systematic Method for Responding to Drug Info. 1. When answering the phone, give the name of the department and your name 2. Consider the education and professional or experiential background of the requester 3. Identify needs by asking probing questions or by examining the medical record to identify the true question → Speak slowly and clearly! 4. Assess the urgency for a response → Even if it’s urgent, never give a hurried answer!! 5. Classify requests as patient-specific or not and by type of question to aid in assessing the situation and selecting resources Pharmacokinetics Toxicity and poisoning Compounding/formulation Safety in pregnancy and nursing Product availability Dosage/administration Compatibility Adverse drug event Drug interaction 15  Systematic Method for Responding to Drug Info. 6. Obtain more complete background information, including patient data to individualize the response to meet the patient’s, family’s, or health care professional’s needs 7. Perform a systematic search of the literature by making appropriate selections from the primary, secondary, and tertiary literature 8. Evaluate, interpret, and combine information from the several sources 9. Provide a response by written or oral consultation, or both, as needed by the requester and appropriate to the situation 10. If the answer involves numbers, ask the caller to repeat them back to you 11. Perform a follow-up assessment to determine the utility of the information provided and outcomes for the patient 12. Document the request, information sources, response, and follow-up as appropriate 16 Documentation of Drug Information Requests Method of delivery (e.g., 01 Date and time received 04 telephone, personal visit, mail) Requester’s name, address, 02 method of contact and category 05 Classification of request Person assessing medication 03 information needs 06 Question asked Documentation of Drug Information Requests Patient-specific information 07 obtained 10 Date and time answered Person responding to 08 Response provided 11 request Estimated time in preparation 09 References used 12 and for communication Documentation of Drug Information Requests 13 Materials sent to requesters Outcome measures suggested 14 (e.g., impact on patient care) Responses to requests for medication information should be accurate, complete, and timely: For maximal clinical usefulness To establish credibility for pharmacist- provided information  Filing of Drug Information Requests It is always recommended to keep records of all the questions There are 2 ways of filing: o Paper support filing → Information request form, article search form, ADR form o Computer based filing → Software especially for DIC It is the responsibility of the pharmacist to stay informed about the latest advances in that field, both in the: o Tools that can be used to systematically address information requests o Information itself regarding pharmacotherapeutic or other issues affecting the practice of pharmacy 20