Chapter 8: Technology and Evolution of Human Society PDF

CHAPTER 8: TECHNOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY GNED 06 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 | SIR ESLABON COVERAGE: FUTURE MAN-MADE WORLD 1. Introduction...

CHAPTER 8: TECHNOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY GNED 06 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 | SIR ESLABON COVERAGE: FUTURE MAN-MADE WORLD 1. Introduction  Technologies are used for producing synthetic food a. Hunter and Gatherer and for recycling resources to satisfy the increasing b. Shifters and Farmers human needs. c. Manufacturing/Processing  We are able to create synthetic materials that are d. Future Man-Made World results of our scientific knowledge and creativity alone. 2. Classification of Society CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIETY a. First Wave b. Second Wave  This is called Classification of Society proposed by c. Third Wave Alvin Toffler. 3. Kinds of Technology  He classified societies based on the concept of waves a. Energy where each wave propels the older societies and cultures b. Equipment aside. c. Information  Toffler is an American writer and futurist known for his d. Life works discussing the digital evolution, communication e. Materials evolution, and technological singularity. 4. Then vs. Now  This is similar to the evolution of human society we a. Substitution and Diffusion have discussed previously but the hunter/gatherers 5. National Development Through Science and society was not included. Apart from that, this is just Technology another approach to the same concept. a. National Development Indicators FIRST WAVE SOCIETY  The one that replaced hunters/gatherers after agrarian INTRODUCTION revolution.  Development in the understanding of their environment  Basically, this society is composed of farmers. and changes in the availability of resources and tools  Likewise, small scale technologies were produced consequently lead to scientific and technological which came to existence through trial and error. revolutions. SECOND WAVE SOCIETY HUNTER AND GATHERER SOCIETY  Similar to the manufacturing/processing society  They are only dependent on the resources available in previously discussed. nature.  This society flourished during the period of Industrial Revolution until the end of World War II.  Their hunting tools were made from stones, wood, bone,  Scientific knowledge spread across the world for the ivory as evident in the Paleolithic age (specifically until first time during this time hence the inventions Mesolithic period). produced/manufactured in this period were based on  The humans in this society are nomads, changing scientific advancements in the fields of physics, biology, settlements from time to time, moving towards areas and chemistry. with abundant resources for their survival.  This society was characterized by mass production, mass consumption, mass distribution and even production of SHIFTERS AND FARMERS SOCIETY weapons of mass destruction.  The shift to this type of society became possible after THIRD WAVE SOCIETY they learned how to tame/domesticate animals and cultivate crops.  Characterized as a post-industrialized society after  The process of mining was also discovered by this World War II. society.  People used modern technologies such as computers,  It is when they learned how to produce their own food robotics, and the like to create products and even do daily that they started living in permanent settlements life activities. because there is no need for them to travel long distances  This society is associated with scientific-technological in search for food. evolution. MANUFACTURING/PROCESSING SOCIETY KINDS OF TECHNOLOGY  Humans in this society discovered coal, gas, and oil used  We have different sources of energy; some are eco- in cooking. friendly while some are not.  These discoveries paved the way for industrialization.  Generally, an energy source that harms humans,  From small scale production, during this time factory- whether directly or indirectly, is not considered a good scale production became the norm for manufacturing source. businesses. GNED 06 | STS RCM 1  CHAPTER 8: TECHNOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY GNED 06 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 | SIR ESLABON ENERGY TECHNOLOGY b. Homophily o The more similar to each other that  We can now generate energy from wind, from solar members of a culture are, the more likely panels, hydrothermal vents, and even waste products an innovation is to spread— people are of animals (this is what we call biogas). more likely to imitate similar than different  The goal of experts in this field is to generate, convert, models. and distribute energy without causing negative effects to c. Physical distance humans and the environment. o The greater the distance between people, the less likely innovation is to EQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY spread. d. Opinion leadership  This include design and fabrication of different o The more opinion leaders are valued instruments, tools, gadgets, and machines that aim to and respected, the more likely an create another product. innovation is to spread. o In less innovative countries, opinion  It is more of tools for manufacturing such as laser, leaders tend to be more conservative, robots, spinning wheel, and different types of motors. to reflect the local norms of resistance. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  This type of technology includes tools and gadgets used to manage, process, and distribute information.  Science and technology are instruments of a country’s rapid development and economic stability. The continuous LIFE TECHNOLOGY changes and different types of technologies help in improving our national development.  This technology as its name implies is made for preservation, maintenance, treatment, and NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS reproduction of living things.  Common examples are genetic engineering, vaccines, 1. GDP or gross domestic product antibiotic, organ transplant, surgery, and herbal medicine. It measures the income or the expenditures WITHIN the country. MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY It represents the money spent by consumers in buying goods, the income from business  This technology is involved in the extraction, fabrication, establishments as well as government investments. and synthesis of materials specifically for the benefit of This does not include remittances from OFWs mankind. since it was generated overseas.  Examples are mostly raw materials or those simple things 2. Per Capita Income needed in day to day activities such as iron brass, It is the average income earned by a person in a porcelain, ceramics, and plastics. particular city, region, or country. It is one way of measuring the economic status and THEN VS. NOW the quality of life in different areas.  Because of the different classifications of technology and This data is acquired through census by the its abundance at that, the rate at which a certain Philippine Statistics Authority. technology is being replaced becomes faster. 3. Income Distribution It is the measure of how the total gross domestic SUBSTITUTION AND DIFFUSION product of the country is equally distributed among its members/people.  Substitution is the process wherein technologies which It is the distribution of rich and poor. may have been used for a very long time already are Here in the country, there is somehow an imbalance replaced by the new and better version especially with in the distribution of wealth since only 1% of the respect to performance and functionality. population controls most of the wealth in the  Diffusion is referred to as the process by which an country. Talk about equity. innovation is communicated through various 4. Gross National Product channels and subsequently adopted over time among It is the sum of ALL the goods and services members of a society. produced in a country per year by its people. Some cultures tend to adopt new products more In can be represented through this formula: (Income quickly than others, based on several factors: of people + Income overseas) – income paid to a. Modernity foreigners. o The extent to which the culture is 5. Employment Rate receptive to new things. Measure at which all the available labor resources o In Britain and Saudi Arabia, tradition is are being utilized. greatly valued—thus, new products often It is computed as the ratio of the employed to the don’t fare too well. working age population (18 years old and above). o The United States, in contrast, tends to If the rate is above 70%, it is high while a low ratio value progress. would be below 50%. GNED 06 | STS RCM 2  CHAPTER 8: TECHNOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY GNED 06 1st SEMESTER | S.Y. 2024-2025 | SIR ESLABON As of January 2020, according to PSA, the employment rate in our country is 94.7%. But due to the pandemic, the employment rate fell to 82.3% leaving additional 7.3 million Filipinos jobless. 6. Structure of Labor Force Sum total of all the men and women who are able to work, be employed or unemployed. The ratio of employment to the population is usually higher for men than in women. Employers tend to hire men over women with the same qualifications because think that men can deliver better results than women. 7. Human Life Expectancy Average number of years an individual or a group of people could be expected to live or simply people’s life span. In the Philippines, these are the numbers: for male – 66.2 years, for female – 72.6. According to numerous studies these are the reasons why men have shorter life spans: they take bigger risks, have more dangerous jobs, die of heart disease more often and at a younger age, and commit suicide more often than women. 8. Percentage of Urban Population Percentage of people living in urbanized area not depending upon agricultural products and other government services. CONCLUSION  A nation’s development and improvement is assessed to a large extent by the status of its science and technology.  A scientifically unsophisticated society would mean it is an underdeveloped nation in all sectors.  Without proper implementation of science and technology, no nation could grow.  We must aim to develop different technologies and consequent industries in order to bring jobs to our fellow Filipinos to increase our GDP, GNP, and our employment rate.  We must aim to provide equal opportunities for all Filipinos in order to minimize inequality in our nation.  We must aim to provide all Filipinos access to premium health care and develop strategies to combat environmental pollution in order to improve our life expectancy.  With our efforts, through the use of science and technology, our country will truly flourish. GNED 06 | STS RCM 3