Chapter 7 Participatory GIS PDF

Unit 7: Participatory GIS 7.1. Public Participation in agricultural Resources and Watershed Management 7.2. Using geospatial GIS technology in participatory watershed management 7.3. Web-based Publishing for interactive and dynamic agricultural maps Exercise 1. Presentation on the...

Unit 7: Participatory GIS 7.1. Public Participation in agricultural Resources and Watershed Management 7.2. Using geospatial GIS technology in participatory watershed management 7.3. Web-based Publishing for interactive and dynamic agricultural maps Exercise 1. Presentation on the participatory watershed management https://pgis.geolive.ca/m01/u01.html 1  7.1. Public Participation in agricultural Resources and Watershed Management A Public Participatory GIS (PPGIS) facilitated data collection via the participation of community members through a Volunteer Geographical Information (VGI) interface that facilitated visualization of historical richness of communities Participatory watershed development can be defined as the rational and socially acceptable utilization of all the natural resources with in Watershed What are these resources? It emphasizes a multidisciplinary & multi-institutional approach for multiple interventions 2  7.1. Public Participation in agri and Watershed Management GIS and RS for better technical developments and enhanced stakeholder engagements that will improve the overall watershed management process. Participation involves in all stages of planning, implementation & management of watershed development activities 3  Participatory planning methods and techniques: Working in an interdisciplinary team/expert: GIS, Hydrologist……... Participatory targeting Gender sensitization Group meetings and brainstorming Vulnerability/wealth ranking Problem identification and ranking ( Semi-structured interviews Transect walks Village and households mapping Soil, vegetation and topographic surveys Watershed and community area delineation Action planning Participatory and result-based monitoring. a) Major watersheds (size range 6000 to Topomaps from the 20,000 ha) Ethiopian Mapping b) sub-watersheds (range 2000 to 6000 ha) Agency or 4  Participatory Mapping and Surveying Methods Participatory mapping (PM): for technical mapping, tools presented in the LLPPA guideline should be considered. Participatory mapping promotes interaction and help in visualizing the “mental map” of villagers. – social map (social services, health status of individuals, population and housing), – a natural resource map (forest, water, wildlife, a village use of natural resources, fields and land use, soils, water resources, and others), spatial arrangement of a house, & use of space by different social groups. Participatory transects: Transect is a cross-section or straight cut through the community/watershed to capture the greatest diversity or ecosystems, and land use. – Transects can be geographical, historical, and others. Local Level Participatory Planning Approach (LLPPA) 5 Participatory transects walk significance Expected challenge ? Data types can collected? GPS points Soil 6  Obstacles to Participation in Spatial Planning External political resistance to 'real' local empowerment. internal local holders of power will not give it up. breadth of needs, priorities, opinions, etc. between actors in the local community is too wide.women especially are frequently excluded from early stages of decision-making, etc. minorities - e.g. ethnic groups, castes, - are frequently excluded. there is an absolute scarcity of resources to be shared - and, overall there is poverty. unequal distribution of access to power - ultra-poor, elderly, children, handicapped, refugees, inarticulate. serious time constraints involved in processes of participation. participation may be costly 7  Problems of Local Institutions Local-level planning organs are not in policy-setting position; therefore difficult to advise policy-makers. Influenced by local elites and politicians Limited Capacity of local staff – w.r.t. calibre, commitment, (corruption), and continuity. Skills of govt. staff and NGO cadre less developed at local level Local govt. officers normally subordinate to their central offices. Ethnic, religious, caste, language conflicts often found within the local level. National requirements to support national goals & policies, even not in interests of local population, therefore locally unpopular. 8 Village sketch mapping exercise with villagers 9  Instruments for Participation "Top-Down" - Information Sharing – untargeted, one-way dissemination: Mass media, information dissemination Public meetings, public exhibitions "Top-Down" - Consultation + Information Sharing – more targeted, partially two-way information: Public hearings Local Community meetings and workshops RRA methods "Two-way' - Consultation + Information Sharing Public Fora; PRA methods; Focus groups, Interest groups 10  Instruments for Participation "Bottom-up" - Decision-Making + Consultation + Information – Sharing Initiating Actions Advocacy planning Petitions; Elections Civil Action; Demonstrations PRA "Stand Alone" - Initiating Actions instruments for Empowerment – implementing participation within a community: Social Mobilisation; animateurs, etc. 11 Promoting 'Participation‘ in GIS terms Facilitation – elicit local knowledge of ITK and NRM, – school children assist with GPS, participatory mapping, for baselines & on-going monitoring. Collaboration [activities under ‘facilitation’], – + e.g. participatory assessment of needs, collaborative spatial problem analysis, joint prioritising of interventions, joint map legend Empowerment [activities under collaboration], – + importantly: “taking over” sustainably – self-determination & local initiative in all stages. 12  Why PGIS is key? Satellite imagery cannot be the only data source Good for distinguishing large scale dynamics Social-cultural factors cannot be distinguished Depending on local knowledge and on-site observations 13 7.3. Web-based Publishing for interactive and dynamic agricultural maps Exercise 6. Presentation on the participatory watershed management 14  Web-based Publishing for interactive map Web-based publishing is the process of publishing original content on the Internet The web publishing system of remote sensing images is composed of web application tier, web service tier, data service tier and data management tier Web GIS is becoming ubiquitous - it is available on our desktops, laptops, cell phones, GPS navigators, and other mobile devices anywhere, anytime 15 Key steps create an interactive web Map 1. Data sources (create your own data using tools like Google Earth, QGIS, or ArcGIS. ) 2. Data processing (Various tools for data processing, such as Excel, R, Python, or GDAL. ) 3. Web mapping libraries (most popular and widely used are Leaflet, Mapbox GL JS, and OpenLayers) 4. Web development tools (use a text editor, such as Visual Studio Code, Sublime Text, or Atom, to write the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code for your web map) 5. Web map design (use existing base maps from providers like OpenStreetMap, Google Maps, or Mapbox, or you can create your own base map using tools like TileMill, Maputnik, or Mapbox Studio) 6. Web map publishing (publish and share your web map with using web hosting service, such as GitHub Pages, Netlify, or Heroku, or to a web mapping platform, such as Mapbox, Carto, or ArcGIS Online. 16 Examples of interactive and dynamic agricultural maps Conceptualization of the system Interface of Fields browser and table of recorded practices: Home Page allows searching for individual fields through their code in the system, allows grouping views per type of land use and provides all available data per selected field, including all 17 practices applied.  Current and Future Trends of webGIS Google Earth is a good example of cloud-like computing. It seamlessly brings together imagery from numerous datacenters ESRI ArcGIS.com and ArcGIS Online provide cloud-based software and services, user storage, and access to GIS tools and imagery to the GIS community ArcGIS Online: enables users to use diverse web resources, including those offered by the ESRI ArcGIS Online cloud and those contributed by the user community 18 Current and Future Trends of GIS Open Geospatial Web Services Geospatial Web services are, and will continue to be, the heart of Web GIS. A main basis of cloud-based GIS GIS professionals can serve their authoritative data and knowledge as Web services 19 END Wish you good luck ! 20