Chapter 6: "O Brave New World" | History

Chapter 6: “O Brave New World”  “ Your job during this chapter, is to take notes. There will not be any worksheets, or quiz, as it’s your Midterm at the end.  Questions We’ll Address How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it come...

Chapter 6: “O Brave New World”  “ Your job during this chapter, is to take notes. There will not be any worksheets, or quiz, as it’s your Midterm at the end.  Questions We’ll Address How can exploration and expansion affect the worldview of a society and the societies it comes into contact with? How did the attitudes of Europeans affect their treatment of others?  “ Think of this like a precursor to the next unit. A lot of the terms and ideas we will be going over will be important for after.  Part One: European Imperialism  European Imperialism What is imperialism? - Imperialism is the extension of power over a territory and its resources and people. - Command, or empire.  Treaty of Tordesillas Portugal and Spain sent out expeditions to find trade routes to Asia. ○ Remember, Christopher Columbus discovered what he *thought* was a sea route to Asia for Spain Neither country could come to an agreement on fair share of trade, so they asked the Pope to decide.  Treaty Continued... In 1494 the pope proposed a sEcReT treaty - the Treaty of Tordesillas! This treaty would divide the world between Spain and Portugal ○ Spain would have all the land west of the imaginary line running NS through the Atlantic, and Portugal the east.  Countries Threw a Tantrum BIG SHOCK - this decision made other countries upset, namely England and France who ignored what the pope decided (no duh, we have Canada and the States now) So, now you might be thinking, why is everyone so pressed to get new land? The answer goes back to the word we reviewed at the beginning of class...  IMPERIALISM Yes, if you thought imperialism, you are correct! Spain, Portugal, and other European countries wanted to extend their power over resources, territory, and people they came across.  Taking Charge The Imperialist behaviour was also partly a result of their attitude towards Indigenous people Territories in Central and South America claimed by Columbus and other Spanish explorers became known as New Spain. ○ Indigenous people were enslaved by Spanish landowners and literally worked to death in the silver mines and fields.  Consider the Following... “ As I saw that they “ They [indigenous - Who believed were very friendly to people] require, by Indigenous us... I presented their own nature and people were them with some red in their own interests, inferior? caps, and strings of to be placed under - What were beads to wear upon authority of civilized European the neck, and many and virtuous princes attitudes other trifles of small or nations, so that regarding value, where they they may learn to colonization, and were delighted, and practice better how did this became wonderfully morals.” - Juan Gines impact attached to us...” - de Sepulveda Indigenous Columbus people?  Imperialist Treasure The conquest of the Aztec and Incan empires in New Spain resulted in great wealth. ○ Gold and silver mines, emeralds For a time, Spain was by far the richest country in Europe.  Green with Envy Another big shock, England grew envious of Spain's wealth. Unfortunately for Spain, England had one of the best navy’s in the world and were mowed down while trying to get the treasure back home.  The Terrible Cost of Imperialism In the early 1490s, the Inca and Aztecs had thriving civilizations in what is now Central and South America. The Spanish completely destroyed these empires, and it was the Indigenous people who paid the cost.  The Terrible Cost, Continued... Copy down 2-3 points Some stats for you... By 1600 less than one-tenth of the original population of the Americas remained. 90 million Indigenous people died Much like Canada’s Indigenous population, the Americas Indigenous had no immunity to disease. Similar to the Beothuk, the Ona of Tierra del Fuego completely died out.  Telling the Indigenous Story Most written records of the original peoples of the Americas were destroyed along with cities and monuments. We do know of something called a quipu, though. ○ System of knotted strings that was used by the Inca to communicate and keep records.  “ Share with a partner how your culture keeps and tells stories.  Part Two: European Worldview & Identity  Worldview and Identity (not new info) Remember... at the beginning of the Renaissance, European society was slowly moving away from feudalism, and merchants and traders were responsible for economic growth. People knew little about world geography, and were superstitious about the unknown. Throughout the renaissance, humanists opened everyone’s eyes to the possibilities of human achievement.  Age of Exploration We move now from Renaissance, and Humanism, to an Age of Exploration. People learned that there were similarities in the world, and sea monsters didn’t exist. The sea route to Asia around Africa was found, and it was discovered that there were two huge continents between Europe and Asia. “  Consider... The heroes of a society reflect its values and attitudes. In medieval times, the heroes were monks and knights. In the Renaissance it was artistic geniuses and daring explorers. What evidence of this do you see in our society?  What about the Age of Exploration? It was the military and economic success of England that gave its people a sense of confidence and pride. This sense of identity became linked with the achievements of their country. This is called patriotism.  Making Contact Europeans, despite their deadly inclinations, were fascinated by the reports of Indigenous peoples that filtered back to them. These accounts challenged some people’s thinking regarding European society. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, had a working theory that politics were initially influenced by European contact with Indigenous peoples.  Expansionism and Imperialism Europeans, however, did see themselves as superior to the peoples of the Americas. Resources were too valuable at the time. Competition for land and resources were necessary for survival and supremacy.  “ [You] told us you had been in possession of the Province of Maryland above one hundred years; but what is one hundred years in comparison to the length of time since our claim began? Canasatego, an Onendaga Chief  Continued Expansionism directly contributed to the establishment of trade in African slaves. This was carried out by English merchant traders Sold to plantation owners who needed labourers.  End of the Renaissance By the end of the Renaissance, Europeans had travelled to most of the continents in the world. Wherever the Europeans landed, they imposed their religion, ideas, values, and economic system - i.e. their worldview.  End of Renaissance Unit  Heroes of Society Assignment - Choose a hero IRL - Answer the following questions: - Who are they? - Why do you feel they are a hero? - Why does society feel they are a hero? - How did they earn the admiration of their society? - How do they reflect the values of their society?  Heroes of Society Assignment - Example! - Be prepared to share with others in the class! (Think carousel style) - These will be due between Dec 12 and 16th - 3…2…1…Go!