Chapter 6 - Legacies of Historical Globalization PDF

Age of Imperialism The Arrival of Europeans When the Portuguese arrived, they were thought to be vumbi (ancestral ghosts) Africans of that region believed a person’s skin turned white after death. Vasco da...

Age of Imperialism The Arrival of Europeans When the Portuguese arrived, they were thought to be vumbi (ancestral ghosts) Africans of that region believed a person’s skin turned white after death. Vasco da Gama Portuguese Voyages  The Arrival of Europeans The account was related by Mukunzo Kioko, a 20th century oral historian of the Ende people, who live today in the southwesterns part of the Democratic Republic of Congo: Our fathers were living comfortably. They had cattle and crops; they had salt marshes and banana trees. Suddenly they saw a big boat rising out of the great ocean. This boat had wings all of white, sparkling like knives. White men came out of the water and spoke words which no one understood. Our ancestors took fright; they said these were vumbi, spirits returned from the dead. They pushed them back into the ocean with volleys of arrows. But the vumbi spat fire with a noise of thunder. Many men were killed. Our ancestors fled. The chiefs and wise men said that these vumbi were the former possessors of the land. From that time to our days now, the whites have brought us nothing but wars and miseries.  What feelings are evoked by the - - Fear Resentment reading? - There was a language barrier between the indigenous people to the land and the europeans. - I sympathize with them because I can only imagine - That the invasion of Europeans disrupted the way of the despair they felt due to the wars and misery life of the people Indigenous to the land. brought upon them - A legacy of the invasion would be the war - despair and hopelessness experienced by the people. - Sadness - The europeans were more technologically advanced, - I just feel bad for them because the “whites” just making the Africans believe that they are ghosts. killed most of their population, then the person who - IN an attempt to gain an understanding of the wrote it said that all the “whites” have given them invading force, the wise men tried justifying their were wars and miseries, and I just think that is unfair. actions by stating they were repossessing their land. - They were probably confused at first because they While in fact it was the opposite. saw white men attacking them, later they probably - Retrospectively, we negatively view the events felt hatred and fear. because we now see the results of those invasions. - They never even really understood what was happening, which is really sad, because they couldn’t stand up for themselves - Much like the taking over of other parts of the world - A sense of loss by European powers, such as the Aztecs who thought - Confusion due to the reign of terror of the Europeans the Spanish were different beings. White men have - Destruction of generations and culture never been seen before by these nations, and there is - Feels unfair - The people were misunderstood and a misunderstanding of land ownership, much like the now pay the permanent price Indigenous people in North America. - Feels almost introspective because, as we read this, we understand the points of view of both sides, but there was lots of confusion because the opposite sides’ motives were not understood  Scramble for Africa ➔ In the 19th century, Africa was controlled by Africans ➔ This changes in 1884 when the USA and many European powers met in Berlin to divide Africa ◆ These powers included: Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Germany, Spain, The Netherlands, Denmark, Belgium, Italy, The Ottoman Empire, Russia, Portugal, and Sweden-Norway ➔ The main reason for this meeting was to avoid conflicts with other European powers ➔ 1884: 10% of Africa Colonized ➔ 1914: 90% of Africa Colonized  Cecil Rhodes Source Analysis: -Its a white man standing over Africa (spanning the entire continent) - His extension in his arms makes it seem like he rules everything -Holding chains symbolized as a puppet master (control) - Achievement -Africa in contrast to him is representing that Africa is smaller than him -British No one consulted the Indigenous Peoples whose lands and resources were taken over by Europe’s imperial powers What problems do you think arose for the Indigenous people of Africa as a result of the Scramble for Africa? King Léopold & The Congo ➔ In the early 1880’s, King Léopold II of Belgium sparked the scramble for Africa ➔ By 1885, Léopold had forced the Indigenous peoples of the Congo region to give up much of their land and to work harvesting natural rubber ➔ Indigenous people who resisted were brutally punished ➔ Léopold was forced to hand control of the Congo to the Belgian government in 1908 Berlin Conference  Léopold & The Congo Take Notes Listen for the key information. Caution: Actual Footage Léopold & The Congo King Leopold never visited the Congo in the 30 years that he held the country as his personal property. He knowingly tried to prevent knowledge of his atrocities from reaching the wider world, though it eventually did. If he had visited and seen his policies first-hand, do you think anything would have been different? Coltan and Connected Identities HOW ARE IDENTITIES CONNECTED THROUGH GLOBALIZATION? Coltan Fe++Ta2O6 Coltan  Key Findings on Coltan Issue: Positive? Location: Negative? Findings: Resolutions? Social Economic Political Environmental  DRC & Cobalt Today DRC produces more cobalt than the rest of the world combined. Cobalt is key to the production of lithium-ion batteries and metal alloys. China is heavily invested in cobalt production in the Congo – does this relate to the actions of Leopold? Yes or No? Do you have a flag? Start at 1 minute Effects of Cultural Contact By the early 20th century, European empires had drastically changed the lives and cultures of the people under their rule. Legacies - Pages 146 - 149 What legacies of French and British imperial rule continue to exist in Canada? Imperial Legacies in Canada Treaty System  The British In India: B.E.I.C. The British East India Company was a joint stock company founded in 1600. Expanded to the largest corporation in the world at its height. Had its own army totalling 260 000 soldiers. Exerted political control over the Mughal Empire Controlled India from 1750s to 1858. ○ Robert Clive, 1st Governor of Bengal Controlled territory through both annexation and forced loyalty of Indian officials (indirect rule). Deindustrialization of India ○ Indian trade restricted, heavy taxation, flooding of markets with British goods.  The British In India: Raj In 1857, a massive uprising occurred against the East India Company, resulting in their military defeat. The British Government responded with the “Government of India Act, 1858” which dissolved the B.E.I.C. and placed political control of India under the British Crown. The British Raj (“rule”) would last until its dissolution in 1947 ○ ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi: led nonviolent resistance for Independence ○ After the British left, India was partitioned into two states: India and Pakistan – with “East Pakistan” later becoming Bangladesh. ○ The partition of India was a humanitarian disaster 10-20 million people displaced ~1 million deaths  Indian Independence ➔ Mohandas Gandhi successfully led India to independence in 1947 ➔ There, he worked for the rights of Indians, many of whom were descendents of indentured labourers ➔ Gandhi believed that every Indian should be self-sufficient - and he used cotton as a powerful symbol of both British oppression and Indians’ desire for self-sufficiency and “Mahatma” Gandhi independence “Great Soul” Imperial Legacies in India Churchill's legacy still painful fo r Indians - BBC News Case Study: The British Raj Pages 150 - 157 Worksheet in Google Classroom To what extent do the legacies of historical globalization affect people's around the world?