Cellular Respiration Chapter 6 PDF

- ` - Both Humans and Plants go through Cellular Respiration - Autotrophs take the sun's energy and turn into glucose/energy - Consumers eat this glucose for energy - Sunlight into Glucose is photosynthesis - Glucose to ATP is cellular respiration - ATP gives us energy - This is the...

- ` - Both Humans and Plants go through Cellular Respiration - Autotrophs take the sun's energy and turn into glucose/energy - Consumers eat this glucose for energy - Sunlight into Glucose is photosynthesis - Glucose to ATP is cellular respiration - ATP gives us energy - This is the Cellular Respiration equation Glucose + Oxygen → ATP (energy) + Carbon Dioxide + Water - C6H12O6 + 6O2 →ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O - - The reactants for cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis and Vice Versa - ATP Production can either be : Aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) both can make ATP but aerobic is more useful - Aerobic uses oxygen, happens in mitochondria, complete breakdown of glucose, produces around 36 ATP, very efficient but equally slow. - Anaerobic does not use oxygen. Is completed in cytoplasm, glucose is only partially broken down, only makes 2 ATP but is very fast. Also known as fermentation - Cristae is the inner folded membrane - Matrix is the liquid inside the cristae - Intermembrane space is the space between the outer membrane of the mitochondria and the cristae - Steps of aerobic respiration= Glycolysis as the prep → Krebs cycle→and finally electron transport chain - Anaerobic respiration goes from glycolysis to fermentation - What is glycolysis? It happens in the cytoplasm where glucose goes in and 2 ATP, electrons, and broken down glucose is release - 1 glucose makes 2 pyruvate (broken down glucose) which then enter the Krebs Cycle with a little ATP being made in the process - Electrons go to the ETC (electron Transport chain) - Glycolysis is anaerobic (no oxygen) - This is the krebs cycle. Happens in mitochondria takes in 2 pyruvate(3 carbon) which will be turned into acetyl COA, The rest of the glucose is broken down and the extracted electrons enter the ETC a 2ATP is made. The electron carriers consist of NADH and FADH2 - This is the ETC (electron transport chain). It happens in the mitochondria and takes in electrons from glucose and 02 and releases 32-34 ATP and H20 - In the ETC energy is transferred to a chain of proteins in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. The Proteins use their energy to pump hydrogen ions against the membrane. ATP is created and water is formed. - ETC is aerobic respiration. - Break Down of Pyruvate- The 2 pyruvate made in glycolysis enter the mitochondria and are turned into acytal COA in the mitochondrial matrix. - We also make 2 NADH which are electron carries (6 are needed for a successful transport chain - Each pyruvate molecule makes 1 Acetyl CoA 1 CO2 and one NADH - Since there are 2 Pyruvates made each one of those products is times by 2 - THIS IS NOT A STEP IT IS ONLY A SIDESTEP AND NOT A WHOLE STEP - In the kreps cycle we release 2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH, 1 ATP - Since the krebs cycle is a ferris wheel (happens 2 time) our real products are doubled the ones we just noticed-0 - Fermentation - Fermentation is a process that occurs in the cytoplasm that allows energy to be released from food molecules in the absence of oxygen. - Only goes from Glycolysis to fermentation - 2 Pathways from glycolysis , With oxygen we go to 3 step CR, Without O2 we go to fermentation - Latic acid fermentatio- animals and some bacteria. - Alcohilic fermentationB- bacteria and yeast - Lactic acid is the body trying to recover as you take in oxygen, Glucose→Pyruvat→Lactic acid - Alcholic fermentatio is glucose→pyrucate→Ethanol and Carbon dioxide - Lactic acid is done by animals and some bacteiria in the cytosplasm where glycolysis happens and pyruvate is broken down to lactic acid, this use pyeruvate and NADH and release 2 ATP and lactic acid is also anarobic - Alchol fermentation hapens to yeast and bacteria in the cytiolasm using pyruvate witch is then broken down into ethanol needing pyruvate and NADH ti happen we also get CO2, 2 ATP, and ethanol also anaerobic - Yogurt, sauerkraut, kimchi, chees are made through lactic acid fermentation - Breads wine and beeer are made throu alcoholic fermentatation - - That blue thing at the end is called ATP Synthase -