Chapter 4.pptx

Introduction to Management Chapter 4 Ethical Behavior and Social Responsibility Planning Ahead — Chapter 4 Study Questions 1. What is ethical behavior? 2. How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? 3. How can high ethical standards be maintained? 4. What is social responsibility and gover...

Introduction to Management Chapter 4 Ethical Behavior and Social Responsibility Planning Ahead — Chapter 4 Study Questions 1. What is ethical behavior? 2. How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? 3. How can high ethical standards be maintained? 4. What is social responsibility and governance? Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Ethics ▪ Code of moral principles. ▪ Set standards of “good” or “bad” or “right” or “wrong” in one’s conduct. ▪ Ethical behavior ▪ What is accepted as good and right in the context of the governing moral code. Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Law, values, and ethical behavior: ▪ Legal behavior is not necessarily ethical behavior. ▪ Personal values help determine individual ethical behavior. Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Law, values, and ethical behavior: ▪ Values - underlying beliefs and attitudes that help determine individual behavior ▪ Terminal values - preferences about desired ends ▪ Instrumental values – preferences regarding the means to desired ends Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Alternative ethical views ▪ Utilitarian ▪ Delivers the greatest good to the most people ▪ Individualism ▪ Advances long-term self-interests ▪ Moral rights ▪ Maintains fundamental rights of all human beings Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Justice view of ethics ▪ fair and impartial treatment of people according to legal rules and standards ▪ Procedural justice – policies and rules fairly applied ▪ Distributive justice – equal treatment for all people ▪ Interactional justice – people treated with dignity and respect ▪ Commutative justice – fairness to all involved Four views of ethical behavior 8 Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Cultural issues in ethical behavior: ▪ Cultural relativism ▪ Ethical behavior is always determined by cultural context. ▪ Universalism ▪ Behavior unacceptable in one’s home environment should not be acceptable anywhere else. ▪ Ethical imperialism ▪ Imposing one’s ethical standards on others. 9 The extremes of cultural relativism and ethical imperialism in international business ethics. Source: Developed from Thomas Donaldson, “Values in Tension: Ethics Away from Home,” Harvard Business Review, vol. 74 (September-October 1996), pp. 48-62. 10 Study Question 1: What is ethical behavior? ▪ Sources of information on ethical behavior: ▪ Institute for Global Ethics at www.globalethics.org and on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/pages/RocklandME/Institute-f ▪ Ethics Resource Center at www.ethics.org 11 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ An ethical dilemma ▪ occurs when choices, although having potential for personal and/or organizational benefit, may be considered unethical. 12 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ Ethical dilemmas include: 13 Checklist for ethical dilemmas 14 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ Influences on Ethical Decision Making ▪ Ethical framework ▪ Provides personal rules or strategies for ethical decision making ▪ Includes personal values ▪ Honesty ▪ Fairness ▪ Integrity ▪ Self-respect 15 Kohlberg’s stages of individual moral development 16 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ Situational Context and Ethics Intensity ▪ Will the situation pose an important ethic challenge? ▪ Magnitude of the situation ▪ Risk of immediate harm ▪ Proximity and concentration of harm ▪ Social consensus 17 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ Organizational Culture Influence ▪ What is considered ethical behavior within the organizational context? ▪ What are the expectations of management? ▪ What are the expectations of coworkers? ▪ Is there a code of ethics? 18 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ External environment 19 Study Question 2: How do ethical dilemmas complicate the workplace? ▪ Ethical behavior can be rationalized by convincing yourself that: 20 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Ethics training: ▪ Structured programs that help participants to understand ethical aspects of decision making. ▪ Helps people incorporate high ethical standards into daily life. ▪ Helps people deal with ethical issues under pressure. 21 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Codes of Ethical Conduct ▪ Formal statement of an organization’s values and ethical principles regarding how to behave in situations susceptible to the creation of ethical dilemmas 22 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Moral Management ▪ Managers behave in one of three ways 23 How can high ethical standards be maintained? 24 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Areas often covered by codes of ethics: 25 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Whistleblowers ▪ Expose misdeeds of others to: ▪ Preserve ethical standards ▪ Protect against wasteful, harmful, or illegal acts ▪ Laws protecting whistleblowers vary 26 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Barriers to whistleblowing include: ▪ Strict chain of command ▪ Strong work group identities ▪ Ambiguous priorities 27 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Organizational methods for overcoming whistleblowing barriers: ▪ Ethics staff units who serve as ethics advocates ▪ Moral quality circles Management 11e/ Chapter 3 28 Study Question 3: How can high ethical standards be maintained? ▪ Social entrepreneurship: ▪ a unique form of entrepreneurship that seeks novel ways to solve pressing social problems at home and abroad ▪ Housing and job training for homeless ▪ Bringing technology to poor families ▪ Improving literacy among disadvantaged youth ▪ Offering small loans to start minorityowned businesses 29 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and corporate governance? ▪ Corporate social responsibility and governance: ▪ Looks at ethical issues on the organization level. ▪ Obligates organizations to act in ways that serve both its own interests and the interests of society at large. 30 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and corporate governance? ▪ Stakeholder Management ▪ Stakeholders ▪ persons, groups, and other organizations directly affected by the behavior of the organization and holding a stake in its performance. 31 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and corporate governance? ▪ Typical organizational stakeholders 32 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and corporate governance? ▪ Perspectives on social responsibility: ▪ Classical view ▪ Management’s only responsibility is to maximize profits. ▪ Socioeconomic view ▪ Management must be concerned for the broader social welfare, not just profits. 33 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? 34 Criteria for evaluating corporate social performance. 35 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and corporate governance? ▪ Strategies for pursuing social responsibility: Management 11e/ Chapter 3 36 Four strategies of corporate social responsibility—from obstructionist to proactive behavior. 37 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? ▪ Corporate governance: ▪ The oversight of the top management of an organization by a board of directors. ▪ Corporate governance involves: ▪ Hiring, firing, and compensating the CEO. ▪ Assessing strategy. ▪ Verifying financial records. 38 Study Question 4: What is social responsibility and governance? ▪ How government influences organizations: ▪ Common areas of government regulation of business affairs: ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Occupational safety and health Fair labor practices Consumer protection Environmental protection 39 Chapter 4 Case ▪ Patagonia: Turning a profit without losing your soul 40