"Psychological Perspective of the Self" PDF

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Examine the self as a construct from a psychological stance; 2. Compare and contrast the various psychological theories in terms of how they construe the self; 3. Gain a...

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF  LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 1. Examine the self as a construct from a psychological stance; 2. Compare and contrast the various psychological theories in terms of how they construe the self; 3. Gain an understanding of the different facets of the self as expounded by a psychological perspective.  PSYCHOLOGY - A science that studies human behavior and mental processes or the mind. It is the scientific study of how people behave, think, and feel.  PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF William James Carl Rogers Albert Bandura Me- Self, I-Self Real Self and Ideal Proactive and Self Agentic Self PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE SELF Murray Bowen Donald Woods Differentiated Self Winnicott True and False Selves “Me-Self and I-Self” American philosopher and psychologist, William James (1842- 1910), extensively explained the self and its aspects on his 1890 publication “The Principle of Psychology”. William James “Me-Self and I-Self” William James  WILLIAM JAMES ME-SELF AND I-SELF A man's self is the sum total of all that he can call his, not only his body and his psychic powers, but his clothes and his house, his wife and children, his ancestors and friends, his reputation and works, his lands and horses, and yacht and bank- account.”  “I-self” The self in action or as the subject. It is that aspect of the self that does the acting, thinking, and feeling. It is also known as the knower or the perceiver. "I" is the self and represents the conscious state and awareness.  “Me-self” The "Me" can be thought of as a separate object or individual a person refers to when describing their personal experiences from the environment. The Me-Self is also known as the Empirical Self.  ME-SELF or the EMPIRICAL SELF has three components: 1. Material Self- which encompasses all of our important possessions as well as the people we treasure. 2. Social Self- it involves how we interact with other people. 3. Spiritual Self- it contains our spiritual dispositions like our self-appraised abilities, beliefs, attitudes, and emotions.  Known for being one of the pillars of humanistic theory. American psychologist Carl Roger (1902- 1987), posited about self-concept. Self-concept simply speaks of how we think and view ourselves. It includes the entire schema and the knowledge that we have or that we are aware about of ourselves. Carl Rogers American Psychologist  Two essential components of the Self: 1. Real Self 2. Ideal Self Carl Rogers American Psychologist  TWO ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF THE SELF:  THE REAL SELF - speaks of how we genuinely appraise ourselves. It is the self that feels most true to what and who we really are. It may not be perfect, but it is the part of us that feels most real.  THE IDEAL SELF - denotes one’s view of self as one wishes to be. It contains attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess. 1. The Real Self  (Self Image – How the person really is) 2. The Ideal self  (How the person would like to be)  Albert Bandura (1925-2021) is a renowned psychologist who advocated the social cognitive theory of learning. This learning perspective contends that human behavior results from vicarious learning, through the experiences of other people. Albert Bandura Psychologist, Advocated the Social Cognitive Theory of Learning  One of the fundamental concepts espoused by social cognitive theory is self-efficacy, which is defined as one’s conviction or belief that he or she can take on a certain task successfully. With Albert Bandura these emerged the concept of the Psychologist, Advocated the self as proactive and agentic. Social Cognitive Theory of Learning  Two components of the Self: 1. Proactive Self 2. Agentic Self Albert Bandura Psychologist, Advocated the Social Cognitive Theory of Learning TWO COMPONENTS OF THE SELF:  PROACTIVE SELF – Is constructive; it is optimistic that it can get through whatever adversities it may encounter.  AGENTIC SELF – Is one who takes charge of his choices and actions; it is self- reflective and self-regulating.  Murray Bowen is known for being one of the forerunners of family therapy and is notable for having developed a family systems theory. He is an American psychiatrist (1913- 1990), and posited on the differentiation of selves. Dr. Murray Bowen American, Psychiatrist Develop Family System Therapy  Murray Bowen’s Differentiated Self - refers to the degree to which one can balance: 1. Emotional and Intellectual Functioning 2. Intimacy and Autonomy In Dr. Murray Bowen Relationship American, Psychiatrist Develop Family System Therapy DIFFERENTIATED SELF Differentiation involves the ability to make clear boundaries between our thoughts, feelings, and social relationships and to choose which will guide our behavior. DIFFERENTIATED SELF Highly differentiated individuals can balance autonomy and intimacy in their relationships. This means that one can establish a connection with others without losing one’s self in the process. DIFFERENTIATED SELF Poorly differentiated individuals, on the other hand, may engage in fusion in their relationships. This means that they become much attached to the roles they play in a relationship, they have few firmly held beliefs, they are more likely to be compliant, and seek approval from others before making major decisions.  Donald Woods Winnicott (1896- 1971), was an English psychoanalyst who conceptualized the True and False selves. Donald Woods Winnicott English, Psychoanalyst  Two components of the Self: 1. True Self 2. False Self Donald Woods Winnicott English, Psychoanalyst  TRUE SELF AND FALSE SELF 1. True Self -is based on our authentic experiences as a person. The feeling of being alive, doing the things you want to do, and just being yourself comprise the true self.  TRUE SELF AND FALSE SELF 2. False Self- a fake or superficial self, is our defense against the vulnerabilities or imperfections of our real self. Our true self may have its share of blemishes and weaknesses that sometimes lower our self- esteem. As a result, we try to cover up these flaws and act as if we do not have them.  END OF DISCUSSION THANK YOU FOR LISTENING