CHAPTER 4: UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION PDF

CHAPTER 4: UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION Lesson 4.1 Establishment of the United Nations Learning outcomes: at the end of this lesson, students will be able to: ▪ State the aims of United Nations Organization. ▪ Name the headquarter of the United Nations Organization ▪ Analy...

CHAPTER 4: UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION Lesson 4.1 Establishment of the United Nations Learning outcomes: at the end of this lesson, students will be able to: ▪ State the aims of United Nations Organization. ▪ Name the headquarter of the United Nations Organization ▪ Analyze the factors that led to the establishment of the United Nations Organization. ▪ Show the efforts of nations to establish a worldwide organization Introduction: The United Nations Organization (UNO) came into existence in October 24, 1945, after the Second World War. It was formed to replace the League of Nations. Its Headquarter is located in New York. UNO has six official languages, English, Arabic, French, Chinese, Russian, and Spanish. The efforts of nations to establish worldwide organization. The great powers attempted to eliminate some of the weaknesses, which had handicapped the League of Nations. Representatives of 50 countries met in San Francisco, California, from 25 April to 26 June 1945. They processed draft and sign the United Nations Charter, which established a new international organization in the hope of preventing another world war. The United Nations Organizations has 193 members. Aims of UNO ▪ To maintain international peace and security ▪ To promote international cooperation www.un.org Factors that led to the establishment of the United Nations ▪ First, the experience of the two world wars left nations with many fears. ▪ Nations believe that an international organization was the only guarantee for maintaining intentional peace and security. ▪ The nations desire to continue the diplomatic meeting during the war. ▪ The nations desire to establish forum for countries to work out their differences. ▪ There was a desire to safeguard the right of human being. 1 in New York UN Headquarter BARI SECONDARY SCHOOL Lesson 4.2 The structures and Functions of the UNO Learning outcomes: at the end of this lesson, students will be able to: ▪ List the organs of the United Nations Organization. ▪ Explain the function of each organs of the United Nations Organization ▪ Recognize the role of veto powers in United Nations Organization. Introduction: The United Nations (UN) has six main organs. Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at The Hague in the Netherlands. Organs of the United Nations Organization 1. The General Assembly 2. The Security Council 3. The Economic and Social Council 4. The International Court Of Justice 5. The Trusteeship Council 6. The Secretariat General Assembly 1. The General Assembly The General Assembly is made up of representatives of all member nations (193 members). Each member nation is permitted to send up to five representatives. Though only one vote per nation. Functions: ▪ Discuss and makes decision about global problems. ▪ To discuss and approve the UN budget ▪ To elect non-permanent members of the Security Council ▪ To receive and discuss reports from the Security Council and other UN organs ▪ To make recommendations for the peaceful settlement 2. The Security Council The Security Council has primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. It has 15 Members, and each Member has one vote. Five of these — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States — are permanent members. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly for two-year terms. Veto powers possessed by the five permanent members. Veto Power means that any permanent members of the United Nations can reject a resolution and thus make it null and void. Functions ▪ Deals with security crisis. ▪ Maintains international peace. ▪ Takes military action against an aggressor; ▪ recommends the admission of new Members; 2 BARI SECONDARY SCHOOL Security Council  3. The Economic and Social Council The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), it deals with matters of social and economic development which include health, education, population. It has many agencies. The work of these agencies is illustrated below: Agencies Est. Headquarter Function 1. International Labor Organization – 1919 Geneva, Switzerland to promote Condition of labors ILO to promote rights at work, 2. The World Health Organization- 1948 Geneva, Switzerland to promote health, keep the world safe WHO 3. The Food and Agriculture 1945 Rome, Italy To eliminate hunger, food insecurity and Organization – FAO malnutrition 4. The United Nations Educational, 1945 Paris, France To build peace through international Scientific and Cultural Organization cooperation in Education, the Sciences – UNESCO and Culture. 5. United Nations Children’s Fund – 1946 New York, USA Creating protective environments for UNICEF children 6. World Food Program – WFP 1961 Rome, Italy Delivering food assistance in emergencies and improve nutrition 7. United Nations high commission for 1950 Geneva, Switzerland Protecting refugees and displaced people refugees - UNHCR 4. The International court of Justice (ICJ) The International Court of Justice, which has its seat in The Hague, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. The ICJ consists of a panel of 15 judges elected by the UN General Assembly and Security Council for nine-year terms. Functions: ▪ Settles legal disputes between states. ▪ Provides advisory opinion on legal issues. 5. The Trusteeship Council ICJ – Hague, Holland The Trusteeship Council, one of the main organs of the UN, was established to supervise the administration of trust territories as they transitioned from colonies to sovereign nations. 3 BARI SECONDARY SCHOOL 6. The Secretariat The secretary is the main administrative organ of the UNO. It consists of more than 50,000 employees. Function: ▪ Acts as the United Nations spokes person. ▪ Carries out the day-to-day work of the organizatio Until now, the post of secretariat has been held by: # Name Nationality Time in office 1. Trygve Lie Norway 1946-1952 2. Dag Hammarskjöld Sweden 1952-1961 3. U Thant Burma 1962-1971 4. Kurt Waldheim Austria 1972-1981 5. Javier Pèrez de Cuèllar Peru 1982-1991 6. Boutros Ghali ‫بطرس غالي‬ Egypt 1992-1996 7. Kofi Annan Ghana 1997-2006 8. Ban Ki-moon South Korea 2007-2016 9. Antonio Guterres Portugal Since 2017 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 6 7 United Nations Secretary General since 1945 The International Criminal Court (ICC) The International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal located in The 4 Hague, Netherlands. It was established on July 1, 2002. Its function is to deal with war crimes, genocide and other BARI SECONDARY crimes SCHOOL against humanity Lesson 4.3 Success and the failure of the United Nations Learning outcomes: at the end of this lesson, students will be able to: ▪ Discuss the achievements of the United Nation Organization. ▪ Appreciate how the trusteeship council contributed to decolonization of Africa. ▪ Analyze the failure of the United Nations Organization. ▪ Compare and contrast the achievement and failure of the United Nations to that of the League of Nations Achievement of UNO ▪ Aiding world refugee ▪ Solved many international disputes. ▪ Sending peacekeepers to the war zones. ▪ The declaration of human right in 1948. ▪ United Nations Organization has also encouraged disarmament to promote peace. ▪ UN Trusteeship pressurized the colonialist. They also fought against the apartheid system in South Africa. ▪ The United Nations imposed sanctions against countries or leader that threaten peace globally. Failures of the UNO ▪ Luck of fund. ▪ Failure to address climate change ▪ Failed to solve the conflict Palestine ▪ The existence of prolonged regional conflict ▪ Failed to prevent genocide in Rwanda and Bosnia in 1994. ▪ The UN does not have Police or army: it depends on forces from member states. 5 BARI SECONDARY SCHOOL