Human Anatomy for Nursing PDF 2024-2025

Human Anatomy for Nursing Students Dr. Fatima Aljamal 2024-2025  Chapter 4 Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System  The Functions of the Skeletal System ❑ Skeletal system: is the body system composed of bones and cartilage and performs the following crit...

Human Anatomy for Nursing Students Dr. Fatima Aljamal 2024-2025  Chapter 4 Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System  The Functions of the Skeletal System ❑ Skeletal system: is the body system composed of bones and cartilage and performs the following critical functions for the human body: 1. Supports the body 2. Facilitates movement 3. Protects internal organs 4. Produces blood cells (hematopoiesis, Red bone marrow) 5. Stores and releases minerals and fat (Yellow bone marrow) ❑ Bone, or osseous tissue, is a hard, dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton. ❑ Cartilage, a semi-rigid form of connective tissue, provides flexibility and smooth surfaces for movement  Bone Classification ❑ The 206 bones that compose the adult skeleton are divided into 5 categories based on their shapes Bone Classification  Bone Structure A. Gross Anatomy of Bone ❑ Bone parts ❑ Bone tissue 1. Diaphysis 1. Compact 2. Epiphysis 2. Spongy ❑ Bone marrow ❑ Bone layer 1. Red marrow 1. Periosteum 2. Yellow marrow 2. Endosteum C. Bone Cells & Tissue Bone cells C. Bone Cells & Tissue Bone Tissue Osteon: basic structural unit of compact bone 1) Compact bone: dense osseous tissue that can withstand compressive forces 2. Spongy bone: trabeculated osseous tissue that supports shifts in weight distribution Trabecula: basic structural unit of spongy bone  Bone Formation and Development ❑ Ossification (osteogenesis) is the process of bone development There are two osteogenic pathways 1. Intramembranous ossification 2. Endochondral ossification There are two process of bone growth 1. Epiphyseal plate enables bones to grow in length 2. Modeling allows bones to grow in diameter  Bone Formation and Development 1. Intramembranous ossification Figure 6.16 for details Bone Formation and Development 2. Endochondral ossification Figure 6.17 for details  Fractures: Bone Repair Fracture is a broken bone  Fractures: Bone Repair Bone Repair