Chapter 4 Midterm Questions - Digital Ethics PDF

**Chapter 4 -- questions for midterm** **What ethical, social and political issues are raised by information systems?** Information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because they create opportunities **for intense social change** and, thus, **threaten existing...

**Chapter 4 -- questions for midterm** **What ethical, social and political issues are raised by information systems?** Information systems raise new ethical questions for both individuals and societies because they create opportunities **for intense social change** and, thus, **threaten existing distributions of power, money, rights, and obligations.** Information systems raise ethical issues like **privacy, accuracy, intellectual property, and accountability,** questioning how **data is collected, used, and protected.** Socially, they **impact job**s, create a **digital divide,** and influence **behavior and culture.** Politically, they c**hallenge regulation, freedom of speech, cybersecurity, and power dynamics, with concerns about monopolies and misinformation.** Addressing these issues requires balancing innovation with fairness, security, and ethical responsibility. **Five moral dimensions of the information age?** Information rights & obligations, property rights & obligations, system quality, quality of life and accountability & control. The use of computers **to combine data from multiple sources** and **create digital dossiers** of **detailed information on individuals is called** **profiling**. **What is nonobvious relationship awareness (NORA)?** Nonobvious relationship awareness is a **data analysis technology which has given both the government and the private sector even more powerful profiling capabilities.** NORA can **take information about people from many** disparate sources su**ch as employment applications, telephone records, customer listings and wanted lists** and correlate relationships to **find obscure connections that might help identify criminals or terrorists**. **What specific principles for conduct can be used to guide ethical decisions and explain them.** **What is the slippery slope rule?**  **How cookies identify web visitors?** Cookies are **small text files deposited** **on a computer hard drive when a user visits websites.** Cookies **identify the visitor's web browser software and track visits to the website.** When the visitor **returns to a site that has stored a cookie**, the **website software searches the visitor's computer, finds the cookie, and knows what that person has done in the past**. It may also **update the cookie, depending on the activity during the visit**. In this way, **the site can customize its content for each visitor's interests.** **What are web beacons/web bugs?** **What is copyright?** Copyright is a statutory grant that protects creators of intellectual property from having their work copied by others for any purpose during the life of the author plus an additional 70 years after the author's death. **What is the difference between patents and trademarks?** A patent grants the owner an exclusive monopoly on the ideas behind an invention for 20 years. Trademarks are the marks, symbols, and images used to distinguish products in the marketplace. Trademark laws protect consumers by ensuring they receive what they paid for. **Explain trade secrets?** Any intellectual work product---a formula, device, pattern, methods of manufacture, or compilation of data---used for a business purpose can be classified as a **trade secret**, provided it is not based on information in the public domain. Protections for trade secrets vary from state to state. In general, trade secret laws grant a monopoly on the ideas behind a work product, but it can be a very tenuous monopoly.