Chapter 33 - Part 1 - Recording - Nutrients PDF
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Uploaded by MesmerizedMoldavite7389
ANTH/LING
2021
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Summary
This document discusses different types of dietary deficiencies, including malnutrition and deficiencies in essential nutrients, such as vitamin A and amino acids. It also describes how animals obtain nutrients. The document explains the concept of food processing that includes ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination and highlights the importance of an adequate diet.
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Minerals (무기질) • Minerals (무기질) are simple inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts (무기질은 일반적으로 소량만 필요한 단순 무기질 영양소임) • Ingesting large amounts of some minerals can impair health (일부 미네랄을 다량 섭취하면 건강이 나빠질 수 있음 – 칼슘과다 섭취 -> 결석증)...
Minerals (무기질) • Minerals (무기질) are simple inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts (무기질은 일반적으로 소량만 필요한 단순 무기질 영양소임) • Ingesting large amounts of some minerals can impair health (일부 미네랄을 다량 섭취하면 건강이 나빠질 수 있음 – 칼슘과다 섭취 -> 결석증) Dietary Deficiencies (식이결함) • Malnutrition (영양실조) results from the long-term absence from the diet of one or more essential nutrients (영양 실조는 하나 이상의 필수 영양소를 장기간 섭취하지 않아서 발생함) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Deficiencies in Essential Nutrients (영양실조) • Deficiencies in essential nutrients can cause deformities, disease, and death (필수 영양소 결핍은 기형, 질병, 사망을 유발할 수 있다) • Animals may consume salt or other minerals to obtain missing nutrients (동물은 부족한 영양소를 얻기 위해 소금이나 기타 미네랄을 섭취할 수 있다) Figure 33.3 Obtaining Essential Nutrients from an Unusual Source (일반적이지 않은 방식으로 필수영양소를 획득하는 동물) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Deficiencies in Essential Nutrients (영양실조) • A diet with insufficient amounts of one or more amino acids is the most common type of malnutrition among humans (하나 이상의 아미노산이 불충분 한 식단은 인간에게 가장 흔한 영양 실조 유형임) • Individuals subsisting on simple rice diets are often deficient in vitamin A (단순 쌀 식단으로만 생활하는 사람들은 비타민 A가 부족한 경우가 많다) • To overcome this, scientists have engineered a strain of rice that synthesizes betacarotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the body (이를 극복하기 위해 과학자들은 체내에서 비타민 A로 전환되는 베타 카로틴을 합성하는 쌀 품종을 발함) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Undernourishment (영양부족 상태) • Malnutrition can arise when a diet does not provide enough chemical energy (식단이 충분한 화학 에너지를 제공하지 않으면 영양 실조가 발생할 수 있다) • An undernourished individual will (영양이 부족한 개인) – Use up stored fat and carbohydrates (저장된 지방과 탄수화물 소진) – Break down its own proteins (자체 단백질 분해) – Lose muscle mass (근육량 감소) – Suffer protein deficiency of the brain (뇌의 단백질 결핍으로 고통받음) – Die or suffer irreversible damage (사망 또는 돌이킬 수 없는 손상) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved Concept 33.2: Food Processing Involves Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, and Elimination (음식은 섭취, 소화, 흡수, 배설의 과정을 거친다) • Food processing can be divided into four distinct stages: – Ingestion (섭취) – Digestion (소화) – Absorption (흡수) – Elimination (배설) • Ingestion (섭취) is the act of eating or feeding (섭취: 먹거나 먹이는 행위) • Strategies for extracting resources from food differ widely among animals (음식에서 자원을 추출하는 전략은 동물마다 크게 다르다) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. All Rights Reserved
