Chapter 3: Scope of Tourism PDF

III.SCOPE OF TOURISM Ms.Florabhel Tinte OBJECTIVES: After studying the chapter the students will be able to: 1.Compare & Contrast each of the industry sectors. 2.Evaluate the role of industry stakeholders 3. Discuss the importance of processes, systems, organizational functions & laws in managi...

III.SCOPE OF TOURISM Ms.Florabhel Tinte OBJECTIVES: After studying the chapter the students will be able to: 1.Compare & Contrast each of the industry sectors. 2.Evaluate the role of industry stakeholders 3. Discuss the importance of processes, systems, organizational functions & laws in managing an enterprise. COMPONENTS OF TOURISM 1.Tourist are the reason for the existence among various components of the tourism & hospitality industry. 2.Natural resources & the environment represent a key factor in attracting visitors. 3.The built environment which refers to infrastractructure , superstructure. Technology & information is another dimension that greatly affects tourism. 4. Across these are the processes and systems that help design, develop, manage and measure activities, programs & to ensure that tourist enjoy their experience. Tourist Are the heart of the industry & they are predicted to continue to travel -According to the UNWTO, international tourist arrivals are set to increase by an average of 43 million a year between 2010- 2030 MOTIVATIONS TO TAKE TRIPS BY TOURIST -relaxation -meeting with friends & family -interest in experiencing different Stakeholders -A tourism stakeholders is described as an individual, organization and or community who has an interest in the success of the industry.The include the following: 1. Tourism & visitors 2. Employees 3. Owners & shareholders of tourism enterprises 4. Property owners 5. Government 6. Civic Society groups 7. Non-Government Organizations 8. Communities 9. Suppliers 10. Academe 11. International Organizations 12. Indigenous group 13. Media 14. Competitors 15. Intermediaries 16. Clients & Customers Tourism stakeholders represent either supply or drive demand for products & services.For the demand side, tourists are classified based in their origin; while the supply side is categorized based on their function and contributions to the industry. Demand Side -Domestic -International Tourist Supply side 1. Resource Providers- these include government agencies, parks, museums, heritage and traditional landowners 2. Tourism Operators-These are private companies running tourism related businesses such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, transport and attractions.These also include travel intermediaries such as tour operators, consolidators and travel agencies 3. Tourism Managers-These refer to tourism commissions and other organizations involved in planning policy formulation, implementation & monitoring of tourism activities 4. Infrastructure and support system-These refer to private and public agencies that are primarily involved in road bridge and highway construction and maintenance; the design, building and upkeep of airport, pier, terminal and other similar structures as Environment -Including the climate, weather & its attractions represent the primary reason for travel. These can generally classified as either natural, man-made or special events (Swarbooke, 1995). On the other hand, Cruz (2014) expanded this classification Natural 1.Geophysical-landscape aesthetic-these include mountains, rivers, volcanoes as well as phenomena such as the Aurora Borealis and the blooming of cherry blossoms 2. Ecological-biological-these refer to “organisms and ecological events or pocessees (Cruz 2014, p.7) such as the wildebeest migration in Serengeti Build Environment 1. Cultural historical-These include artifacts, archeological finds, and buildings such as churches and ancestral homes 2. Recreational-These refer to museums, arenas, spas and other “structures built for entertainment and education (Cruz, 2014, p.7) Tourism Sectors ACCOMMODATION The main tourism -These refer to various types of lodging that provide sectors are facilities for rest & relaxation 1. Accommodations such as hotels, resorts, villas, 2. Attractions pension houses and motels 3. Food and Beverage -Bhatia (2006) categorizes Services accommodations into two main segments 4. Gaming 1.Refers to hotels & other Entertainment similar establishments such 5. MICE as resort, motels and inns. 6. Special Events 2.The second group or 7. Travel Trade segment refers to supplementary 8. Tourism Support accommodations such as Services campgrounds, bed and breakfast, hostels, resorts condominiums, timehare and villas Attractions Are considered as the major reasons for visiting a destinations, it propel the influx of tourist in a destination -They are usually categorized as either natural or manmade Swarbrooke (2002) proposed a typology where the man made attractions are further categorized as either structures built for tourism versus those originally built for specific use. These are the following 1.Man made buildings, structures and sites designed for tourism. 2. Man-made buildings, structures and sites that were originally built not for tourism 3. Natural environment 4.Special events Food and Beverage Services These refer to the food and drinks served to guests. Eating is probably one of the Filipinos favorite thing to do We enjoy more than the usual three meals a day. After breakfast comes with morning snacks followed by lunch. Before dinner there is the customary afternoon snack and before bed there is an evening snack or midnight snack. -Restaurants (casual dining, fine dining and fast food chains) -Food stand, kiosk and food carts -Cafeteria and canteen -Bars and pubs -Bakeshop and bakeries -Specialty restaurants (Serving ethnic food and drinks -Vendo machines Gaming and Entertainment -refers to casinos and integrated sports. An integrated resort (IR) is a mixed use property providing facilities for gaming, convention areas;accommodations; shopping and entertainment. An integrated resort is the so called politically correct term for a casino. Although it is positioned for a larger demographic which includes MICE AND SPECIAL EVENTS -is an acronym that means Meetings, Incentives, Convention and Exhibitions. It is generally referred as business tourism or the meetings industry. According to UNWTO, the Meeting Industry provides an immense benefits to the broader economy as it generates on average higher spending level, reduces seasonality, contributes to the regeneration of destinations, spreads knowledge and enhances innovation and creativity (CITE) -The M.I.C.E Industry has increasingly become one of the preferred techniques for attracting business visitors who spend more than tourists. SPECIAL EVENTS -refer to social, religious, cultural and historical festivities. These include festivals, parade , competitions, commemorative, tributes, religious celebrations and traditional holidays. -social events like parties, weddings, debut, as well as fashion shows, sports tournaments and banquets are also classified under special events -According to Bowdin, et al (2006), the term “special events” has been coined to describe special rituals, presentations, performances or celebrations that are consciously planned and created to mark special occasions and or to achieve particular social, cultural or corporate goals and objectives. TRANSPORTATION -the transport sector facilitates travel from one place to another using one or a combination of the different transformation modes as transport, namely land, water air and rail. The efficiency of the transport sector as well as the availability of infrastructure further encourage travel. TRAVEL TRADE -is composed of intermediaries such as travel agent, tour operators, consolidators and wholesalers. They bridge the tourist with the best possible trips and tour packages. The internet’s explosive growth of online search, travel reservations and bookings have further increased the consumer interest in tourism products and activities. TOURISM SUPPORT SERVICES -are provided by the Department of Tourism; other pertinent government agencies; private organizations; the education sector; and civic action groups. PROCESS AND SYSTEMS -all the key divisions of any organization are present in any tourism related enterprise. Even if a business is small in scope, it will still require marketing, administration, finance and accounting and sales in order to effectively and efficiently run its operations. -the use INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES (ICTs) can empower stakeholders to focus on critical transactions while repeatable, redundant processes can be done using online tools (Disimulacion, 2017). According to Buhalis (2003), ICT refers to the hardware, software, human resources and capacity to develop, program, maintain equipment and applications to facilitate the operational and strategic management of organizations by enabling them to manage their information, functions and processes as well as to communicate interactively with the stakeholders for achieving their mission and objectives. Houghton (2015)- based on purpose, namely file sharing and collaboration; mobile applications; digital documentation and archiving online access and data collection analysis and evaluation. Scott (2011)- expanded the definition by including social media, social networking sites, Organizationa l Functions -a cycle of planning,organizing, managing, controlling and evaluating products systems, personnel and markets must occur for an organization to thrive. Driven by its vision and mission , an enterprise must continuously revisit its operations and objectives to make adjustments when necessary. Governance The government and its related agencies, non profit organizations and members of the community must coordinate and collaborate to ensure success of tourism and hospitality initiatives. These groups are the key stakeholders who must establish the parameters for the legal, political and fiscal systems (Goelder and Ritchie, 2012).