Chapter 3 Cellular Form and Function PDF
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Chattanooga State Community College
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This document contains questions about cellular form and function including questions on the plasma membrane, membrane transport, and the cell interior. It also covers topics such as the cytoskeleton, organelles, ribosomes, and mitochondria. This content is suitable for undergraduate biology students.
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What are some physiological processes that occur at the surface of a cell? What defines the boundaries of the cell? What is the side that faces the cytoplasm known as? What is the side that faces outward called? The plasma membrane consists of two organic molecules; what are they? ...
What are some physiological processes that occur at the surface of a cell? What defines the boundaries of the cell? What is the side that faces the cytoplasm known as? What is the side that faces outward called? The plasma membrane consists of two organic molecules; what are they? What percent of lipids are phospholipids in the bilayer? How are phospholipids arranged in the bilayer? What molecule constitutes about 20% of the membrane lipids? What is the remaining 5% of lipids found in the bilayer and what do they help form? What percent of the membranes weight is made up by proteins? Define transmembrane proteins. What are most transmembrane proteins? Many are floating freely or they are anchored to the cytoskeleton. Peripheral proteins are found where in relationship to the membrane? List at least 7 functions of membrane proteins. All animal cells have a ____________ external to the plasma membrane. What does it consist of? Cells may have surface extensions, give some examples and what would these extensions aid in? What are microvilli? Can you give an example of where they might be found or called? What are cilia? If they are motile, where would they be found? Cilia beat within a saline layer at the cell’s surface, how is water, sodium and chloride affected? What are flagella and where do they occur in humans? What are pseudopods? Membrane Transport What is meant by a plasma membrane being selectively permeable? What is filtration? Can you give an example of where it occurs in the human body? What is simple diffusion? How does substances move? Where does diffusion occur? Substances have diffusion rates based on five factors, what are those five? What is osmosis? What is the direction of osmosis? What is an aquaporin and what does it let in? How will water move if on one side of a membrane, a solution contains molecules that are nonpermeating? Define osmolality. What is tonicity? How would you describe a hypotonic solution? How would you describe a hypertonic solution? How would you describe an isotonic solution? What are transport proteins responsible for? How is a carrier similar to an enzyme? What must a carrier exhibit for a particular solute? Carriers can exhibit saturation, what does this mean? Define facilitated diffusion. Is ATP consumed? Define primary active transport. Is ATP consumed? The sodium-potassium (Na+ K+ pump) is an example of what type of transport? Each cycle of the pump hydrolyzes one ATP and exchanges how many Na+ for how many K+? What is the sodium-potassium pump compensating for? What are the four main functions of the Na+ K+ pump? What does vesicular transport move? What is endocytosis? What is exocytosis? Is ATP used? What is phagocytosis? Can you give some examples of what might be phagocytized? Neutrophils are what and how do they phagocytize? A phagosome merges with what a ____________, which contain __________ to destroy the invader. What is pinocytosis? How does this process occur? What is receptor-mediated endocytosis? How does this process occur? Can you give an example of a substance that would be taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis? Can you give an example of transcytosis? What is exocytosis? Where might this occur? The Cell Interior What are three structures in the cytoplasm that are all embedded in the cytosol? What is the cytoskeleton made up of and what does it determine? Describe microfilaments. Where would they be? Describe intermediate filaments. What do they help with? If found in epidermal cells, what are they composed of? Describe microtubules. Where do microtubules radiate from? What are some of the functions of microtubules? Organelles are internal structures in a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks. What organelle is the largest? What cells lack this organelle? What is this organelle surrounded by and what is it perforated with? What is the material inside this organelle called? (includes chromatin and nucleoli) Describe the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). What is the flattened sacs covered with? Smooth endoplasmic reticulum consists of more ________ and lacks ________. Rough ER synthesis what? What are some of the things that the Smooth ER is involved with? What are ribosomes? Describe the structure of the Golgi complex. What does it synthesize or do? Where does the Golgi receive completed proteins from? What are lysosomes? What do they do? What are peroxisomes, and where are they produced? What do they use to oxidize organic molecules? What are proteasomes and what are they responsible for? What do mitochondria do? Describe the appearance of a mitochondria. What does the matrix contain? What is a centriole? What is a centrosome? What purpose does a centriole serve?
