Chapter 21 Allergic Reaction PDF

8/22/2024 Slid e1 CHAPTER 21 ALLERGIC REACTIONS  8/22/2024 Slid OVERVIEW e2 Assessment of Allergic Reactions Causes of Allergic Reactions S...

8/22/2024 Slid e1 CHAPTER 21 ALLERGIC REACTIONS  8/22/2024 Slid OVERVIEW e2 Assessment of Allergic Reactions Causes of Allergic Reactions Signs and Symptoms of Allergic Reactions Emergency Care for Patients with Allergic Reactions Airway Management Administration of Medication  8/22/2024 Slid e3 ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e4 Allergic reaction An exaggerated immune response to a substance that comes into contact with the body A severe allergic reaction is called anaphylaxis or an anaphylactic reaction.  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e5 Allergen A substance that commonly causes allergic reactions, such as insect bites or stings, foods, plants, and medications  ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS Causes of allergic reactions ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS Signs and symptoms Skin Warm tingling feeling in the face, (Insert fig. 21-2 mouth, chest, feet, and hands from Stoy, Itching 2e) Hives Red skin (flushing) Swelling to face, neck, hands, feet, and/or tongue  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e8 Signs and symptoms Be prepared to manage the patient’s airway. Respiratory system Apply high-flow oxygen immediately. Patient may state he feels a tightness in his throat/chest Cough Rapid breathing Labored breathing Noisy breathing Hoarseness (losing the voice) Stridor Wheezing (audible without stethoscope)  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e9 Signs and symptoms Cardiac Increased heart rate Decreased blood pressure  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e 10 Generalized findings Itchy, watery eyes Headache Sense of impending doom Runny nose Decreasing mental status  8/22/2024 Slid ASSESSMENT OF ALLERGIC REACTIONS e 11  8/22/2024 Slid e 12 ASSESSMENT FINDINGS THAT REVEAL SHOCK (HYPOPERFUSION) AND SEVERE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS INDICATE THE PRESENCE OF A SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION.  8/22/2024 Slid e 13 INFORMATION OBTAINED IN THE INITIAL ASSESSMENT MAY BE ENOUGH TO SUGGEST THE NEED FOR ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE.  8/22/2024 Slid EMERGENCY CARE FOR ALLERGIC REACTION e 14 Perform initial assessment Perform focused history and physical exam History of allergies What patient was exposed to How they were exposed What effects Progression Interventions Assess baseline vital signs and SAMPLE history  EMERGENCY CARE FOR ALLERGIC 8/22/2024 Slid REACTION e 15 Serious signs and symptoms Administer oxygen if not already done in the initial assessment Determine if patient has prescribed preloaded epinephrine available Facilitate administration of preloaded epinephrine If patient does not have epinephrine autoinjector available, transport immediately  8/22/2024 Slid e 16 IF THE PATIENT HAS AN EPINEPHRINE AUTO- INJECTOR AND IS HAVING A SEVERE REACTION, THE GOAL IS TO GAIN ENOUGH INFORMATION ABOUT THE PATIENT’S CONDITION TO RAPIDLY ADMINISTER THE MEDICATION.  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 17 A medication used to dilate the bronchioles, prevent tissue swelling, constrict the blood vessels, and increase the ability of the heart to pump blood  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 18 Auto-injector A device that administers a preset dose of medication in a sage manner, by way of an intramuscular self-injection  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 19 Indications Assessment reveals a patient with a severe allergic reaction Respiratory compromise and/or hypoperfusion  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 20 Contraindications None in an emergency situation  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 21 Mechanism of action Actions Dilates the bronchioles Constricts blood vessels  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 22 Dosage Adult—one adult auto-injector (0.3 mg) Infant and child—one infant/child auto-injector (0.15 mg)  8/22/2024 Slid EPINEPHRINE e 23 Side effects Increases heart rate Pallor Dizziness Chest pain Headache Nausea Vomiting Excitability, anxiousness USE OF THE AUTO-INJECTOR (Insert Unnfig 21-1) USE OF THE AUTO-INJECTOR (Insert Unnfig 21-2) USE OF THE AUTO-INJECTOR (Insert Unnfig 21- 3)  8/22/2024 Slid EMERGENCY CARE OF ALLERGIC REACTION e 27 Patient without signs of respiratory distress or shock (hypoperfusion) Continue with focused assessment Patient not wheezing or without signs of respiratory distress or shock (hypoperfusion)  8/22/2024 Slid EMERGENCY CARE OF ALLERGIC REACTION e 28 Patient without signs of respiratory distress or shock (hypoperfusion) Administer high-flow oxygen and transport  8/22/2024 Slid SUMMARY e 29 Assessment of Allergic Reactions Causes of Allergic Reactions Signs and Symptoms of Allergic Reactions Emergency Care for Patients with Allergic Reactions Airway Management Administration of Medication