Anaphylaxis PDF
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Edge Hill University
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This document describes the signs and treatment for anaphylaxis, a severe allergic reaction. It details the pathophysiology of the condition and provides emergency protocols for handling such cases. The document also includes information about a-to-e assessment, and other related topics
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Anaphylaxis (Alternative format).docx Anaphylaxis (Alternative format).docx Page 1 of 1 This preview may have altered the layout of this file. You can still download the original file....
Anaphylaxis (Alternative format).docx Anaphylaxis (Alternative format).docx Page 1 of 1 This preview may have altered the layout of this file. You can still download the original file. Clinical Signs & TREATMENT ANAPHYLAXIS Severe Reaction (Generalised or systemic) from re-exposure to an allergen CALL FOR HELP: Medical emergency requiring MDT. PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY A-to-E assessment 1. When you are first exposed to allergen then B- REMOVE TRIGGER: Stop further deterioration. lymphocytes produce immunoglobulin E (IgE). These bind to mast cells (immune cells AIRWAY: might be compromised-Secure airway and to protect us from infections) and basophils give 100% high flow 02-be prepared for intubation (white blood cells that help to fight infections) BREATHING: RR might be high-due to effort of 2. When we get exposed to the same allergen expelling C02 next time, then immunoglobulin E (IgE) are raised (excess amount produced) CIRCULATION: HR may be high due to loss of 3. This time, when IgE binds with mast cells it volume. BP will be low. Administer intramuscular causes degranulation of various chemical, like (IM) dose of Adrenaline - 500mcg/0.5mg. Lower histamine-but this causes vasodilation (drop dose for BETA effect (works on heart and broncho- in BP) dilates to sort A&B issues as well. Also, administer 4. Histamine also causes broncho constriction. IV fluid (500ml of 0.9% NaCl). 5. Platelet activating factor is also released, which together with histamine cause DISABILITY: Might have loss of consciousness-due vascular permeability-so fluid leaks out of to lack of 02 (shock: Distributive shock). vessels and now is not in the vessel where it EXPOSURE: Might have rash and/or swelling. Cold should be: reducing circulating volume. temperature (Shock). 6. Mast cells also release Prostaglandin D2- which causes both broncho-constriction and REPEAT IM adrenaline if no effect after 5 min. vasodilation. Can cause airway swelling. Otherwise switch to Refractory (involves nebulisers and adrenaline infusion :
