Gender and Society Across Time - Lesson 2 - PDF

gender and society across time Lesson 2 objectives  discuss the historical roots of our understanding of gender and sexuality  showappreciation of how this understanding evolved through time and how this affected various aspects of human life introduction ...

gender and society across time Lesson 2 objectives  discuss the historical roots of our understanding of gender and sexuality  showappreciation of how this understanding evolved through time and how this affected various aspects of human life introduction  Societyhas progressed so much in a way that information and knowledge is available to everyone.  Archeological artifacts reveal that in the distant past, human societies have high regard for women. Divine Feminine concept the sacredness of women due to their ability to conceive children  egalitarian society men and women have equitable power and roles  Paternity (fatherhood/role of the father in contraception) during the Agricultural era, changed how societies viewed women and men  Societies have privileged men over other genders preference given to men in the productive sphere while women were viewed solely capable only of reproductive affairs  Gender disparity was intensified by the Industrial era where factories were built, and men were preferred patriarchy a system based on the control and oppression of women wherein they are perceived as the weaker sex  structuraland upholds the supremacy in the law, at home, in the workplace, and in society  from the Greek word Patriakhes meaning “the rule of the father”  a social system where men primarily holds power in the political and the private spheres  In the social, legal, political, and economic spheres, men are expected to lead while women are expected to obey and relegated to house chores, bearing children, and child care. patrilineal society  thisusually follows a patriarchal society where only men can inherit property and the family name.  women were left with no inheritance and are expected to marry a man who can support her economically.  historical views on gender  Greek Aristotle, Plato, and other Greek philosophers viewed women as the inferior sex and are properties of men.  historical views on gender  Egypt Herodotus, a Greek historian, observed that Egyptian women enjoyed higher social status than Greek women because they can inherit property and engage in trade and politics. historical views on gender  China Confucianism has written rules that dictate how women should conduct themselves. The written documents titled ‘Three obedience’s and four virtues’ and ‘Precepts of women’ states that women should obey their father, when married she is to obey her husband, and when widowed she is to obey her son. Confucianism on gender gender biases  Sexism - prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination based on sex  Gender pay gap - men earn more than women  Underrepresentation in politics, military, executive positions, etc.  Rape on women and stigma on women on how they behave gender biases  Very conservative expectations on women on how they behave  Unrealistic depictions of women in fiction, often very sexualized  Women do more housework and childcare  Boys were trained to be leaders while women were trained to do house chores  women empowerment  Women’s liberation movement, women’s movement, or feminism is a continuing series of social movements. women empowerment  First wave feminism (19th and early 20th century), spread across the western countries as women demanded for their right to vote or participate in elections and to be ably to legally own property. women empowerment  Second wave feminism (1960s through the 80s), women drew attention to various social and cultural inequalities such as domestic violence especially marital rape, reproductive rights, wage inequality, etc.  Third wave (90s)  Fourth wave (2012 – present) United Nations reports…  Women do more work than men  Women perform 66 percent of the worlds work, produce 50 percent of the food, but earn 10 of the income and own 1 percent of the property Feminism demands….  Women suffrage  Equality in politics and society  Reproductive rights  Domestic violence  Sexual harassment and sexual violence  Other rights including right to divorce husbands, right to make decisions on her pregnancy, equitable wages, and equal employment opportunity  Women suffrage  Reproductive rights  Stopping domestic violence  Sexual harassment and sexual violence  equitable wages, and equal employment opportunity End