Citizenship Training - Drug Education PDF

Chapter 2 ========= **Citizenship Training** **Drug Education** Introduction This learning packet intends to encourage the anti-drug abuse advocacy by providing ideas and definite information on the extent of the country\'s issue on drugs/substance abuse, the government exertions to address the...

Chapter 2 ========= **Citizenship Training** **Drug Education** Introduction This learning packet intends to encourage the anti-drug abuse advocacy by providing ideas and definite information on the extent of the country\'s issue on drugs/substance abuse, the government exertions to address the problem, relevant provisions of the drug law, harsh effects of drugs and up-to-date youth prevention initiatives. Drug education for the youth is a significant undertaking in order to free them from danger and keep them away from drugs. Objectives: Explore the nature and effects of drugs and substance abuse such as alcohol, tobacco and others on personal health and social relationships; Synthesize accurate information on health, legal and social consequence of drug and substance abuse and examine how these negatively impact the person who uses the drugs, his/her family, friends and community; Provide general orientation on RA 9165 Make a personal commitment to remain drug free and develop plan to help address drug and substance abuse; and Appreciate the value of a drug free self and community **Learning Management System** The students who will take this learning packet are required to join and enter the Google Classroom prepared for this course. Discussions will be done via video conferencing (Zoom, Google Meet or Messenger) **Duration** Topic 01: RA 9165 = 0.75 hours (online interactive discussion) Topic 02: Youth's role in Drug abuse prevention = 0.75 hours (online interactive discussion/practical exercises) **Lesson Proper** **RA 9165 ALSO KNOWN AS THE COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002** RA 9165 also known as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 concretizes government's "thorough and unrelenting campaign against trafficking and the use of dangerous drugs and other similar substances through an integrated system of planning, implementation and enforcement of anti-drug abuse policies, programs and projects." It also serves the guide in implementing dangerous drug prevention and control in the country. It comprises the correct and acceptable approach towards issues geared against drug activities. It also gives emphasis on the role of the educational system in information dissemination and prevention campaign. It re-evaluates the procedures, policies and programs concerning drug abuse. It highlights the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration of rehabilitated individuals to society. Unlawful Acts and Penalties SEC. 5 Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals SEC. 6 Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort SEC. 11 Possession of Dangerous Drugs SEC. 15 Use of Dangerous Drugs SEC. 19 Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs Dangerous Drugs Test and Record Requirements SEC. 36 Authorized Drug Testing Participation of the Family, Students, Teachers and School Authorities in the Enforcement of the Act SEC. 46 Special Drug Education Center Program for Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug Dependents SEC. 54 Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to Confinement, Treatment and Rehabilitation SEC. 60 Confidentiality of Records under the Voluntary Submission Program SEC. 61 Compulsory Confinement of a Drug Dependent who Refuses to apply under the Voluntary Submission Program **What is a Drug?**   A drug is any chemical substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body's function either physically and/or psychologically. Drugs may be legal (e.g. alcohol, caffeine and tobacco) or illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin). Psychoactive drugs affect the central nervous system and alter a person\'s mood, thinking and behavior, thus, divided into four categories: depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens and \'other\'. Can be taken through:  \- Ingestion \- Inhalation \- Injection \- Suppository \- Applied topically When are Drugs Harmful? When taken in excess When combined with other medicine  Reasons for Drug Use: Can "solve" problems "Peer pressure" Gives enjoyment  Widespread accessibility *What is Drug Abuse?* Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite adverse consequences.   It is considered a brain disorder, because it involves functional changes to brain circuits involved in reward, stress, and self-control. Those changes may last a long time after a person has stopped taking drugs. Addiction is a lot like other diseases, such as heart disease. Disrupt the normal, healthy functioning of an organ in the body, both have serious harmful effects, and both are, in many cases, preventable and treatable. If left untreated, they can last a lifetime and may lead to death. Winding-up, drugs 'obsession is a disease characterized by drug seeking and use that is compulsive, or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences. The initial decision to take drugs is voluntary for most people, but repeated drug use can lead to brain changes that challenge an addicted person's self-control and interfere with their ability to resist intense urges to take drugs Other Abused Products: Glue  Gasoline Paint Thinners Solvent *Types of Drugs* 1.  Stimulants  - Feeling of tremendous joy - Increase wakefulness - Decrease appetite - Talkative  - Hyperactive - Cocaine, Shabu 2.  Hallucinogens - Can cause alteration in perception, thoughts or mind - - - - - - Marijuana - - - - 3.  Sedative - Reduce or relieve anxiety - Reduce stress - Examples: - - - Manifestations: - - - 4\. NARCOTICS - Relieves pain - Induces sleep - Examples: - - - *Common Signs of a Drug Abuser:* - Often associated with known drug user - Mood changes - Untrustworthy - Lacks self-confidence - Low frustration tolerance   - Lacks interests in his studies/ work - Blames everybody but not himself - Injection marks - Inappropriate wearing of sunglasses - Poor physical appearance *Commonly Used Drugs:* - Shabu - - - Marijuana - - Ecstacy - - - *What happens to the brain when a person takes drugs?* Most drugs affect the brain\'s \"reward circuit,\" causing euphoria as well as flooding it with the chemical messenger dopamine. A properly functioning reward system motivates a person to repeat behaviors needed to thrive, such as eating and spending time with loved ones. Surges of dopamine in the reward circuit cause the reinforcement of pleasurable but unhealthy behaviors like taking drugs, leading people to repeat the behavior again and again.  \*      Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General\'s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health.* *Note: These PET scans compare the brain of an individual with a history of cocaine use disorder (middle and right) to the brain of an individual without a history of cocaine use (left). The person who has had a cocaine use disorder has lower levels of the D2 dopamine receptor (depicted in red) in the striatum one month (middle) and four months (right) after stopping cocaine use compared to the non-user. The level of dopamine receptors in the brain of the cocaine user are higher at the 4-month mark (right), but have not returned to the levels observed in the non-user (left). Modified with permission from Volkow et al. 1993.* As a person continues to use drugs, the brain adapts by reducing the ability of cells in the reward circuit to respond to it. This reduces the high that the person feels compared to the high they felt when first taking the drug---an effect known as tolerance. They might take more of the drug to try and achieve the same high. These brain adaptations often lead to the person becoming less and less able to derive pleasure from other things they once enjoyed, like food, sex, or social activities. Long-term use also causes changes in other brain chemical systems and circuits as well, affecting functions that include: - - - - - - *Why do people take drugs?* In general, people take drugs for a few reasons: - **To feel good.** Drugs can produce intense feelings of pleasure. This initial euphoria is followed by other effects, which differ with the type of drug used. For example, with stimulants such as cocaine, the high is followed by feelings of power, self-confidence, and increased energy. In contrast, the euphoria caused by opioids such as heroin is followed by feelings of relaxation and satisfaction. - **To feel better.** Some people who suffer from social anxiety, stress, and depression start using drugs to try to feel less anxious. Stress can play a major role in starting and continuing drug use as well as relapse (return to drug use) in patients recovering from addiction. - **To do better.** Some people feel pressure to improve their focus in school or at work or their abilities in sports. This can play a role in trying or continuing to use drugs, such as prescription stimulants or cocaine. - **Curiosity and social pressure**. In this respect, teens are particularly at risk because peer pressure can be very strong. Adolescence is a developmental period during which the presence of risk factors, such as peers who use drugs, may lead to substance use. **YOUTH'S ROLE IN DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION** The role of the youth in the nation building is crucial. They are problem solvers, have a positive influence in other young people and the nation, and are extremely ambitious. They have the ability to create and identity for themselves and move the nation forward. **Learning Packet Discussion Forum** Let the students discuss on the following question: "How drugs affect the physiological processes of our body?"