Project Management - CS 3205 - PDF

Software Engineering CS 3205 Project Management Professor: Chestere Baring, CLSSYB, IT Business Analyst, Editorial Journal Author  Introduction to Project Management Learning Objectives 1.Understand the defining characteristics of a project 2.Understand project management and its e...

Software Engineering CS 3205 Project Management Professor: Chestere Baring, CLSSYB, IT Business Analyst, Editorial Journal Author  Introduction to Project Management Learning Objectives 1.Understand the defining characteristics of a project 2.Understand project management and its elements 3.Understand the skills of a successful project manager 4.Understand reasons for project failure and project success Why Project Management? Opening Case: Business Requirements Driving Big Data Projects at Citibank Focus on Business Outcomes + Careful Planning + Project Management = Big Data Project Success As projects grow in importance, complexity, and length, it becomes increasingly important for organizations to have systematic processes for managing them. You will learn about how organizations and the people within them can effectively manage information systems (IS) projects. What is a Project? A project is a planned undertaking of related activities to achieve a unique outcome that Portfolio has a specified duration. A program is a group of related projects Program Project coordinated to harness synergies. A portfolio is a group of projects or programs Project Project Project (which may not be directly related) pursued to reach strategic objectives. What is a Project? Stakeholders are those entities that are actively involved in the project, who have a vested interest in its success, or who have a positive or negative influence over the project and its results. Project sponsor is a member of the organization who is responsible for the high-level support of the project. Project manager is a person with a diverse set of skills – general management, leadership, technical, conflict management, and customer relationship management – who is responsible for managing a project as it goes through its individual phases from concept to completion. Project success is the degree to which project objectives have been achieved on time, within budget, and with the agreed upon quality and scope.  A Balancing Act The project manager is key to project success. Time A project manager is often referred to as a juggler keeping many balls in the air that reflect the various aspects of a project’s development. Scope Cost Balancing the three key aspects of time, cost, and scope, the project manager is instrumental to the successful completion of any Balancing the three key aspects time, costs, and scope, the project manager is project. instrumental to the successful completion of any project  Why are IS projects undertaken? Taking advantage of a business opportunity might mean providing an innovative service to Take customers through the creation of a new Solve system. For example, a sports apparel brand Advantage of Business may want to create a new tennis shoe that Business Problems pairs with a mobile app to allow customers to Opportunities analyze their running performance. IS Solving a business problem could involve Projects modifying how an existing system processes data to provide users more accurate or timely information. For example, in order to reduce the number of telephone calls received by their sales staff, this same brand may want to Information systems projects are provide ways for the potential customers to undertaken to take advantage of see exactly which products suit their individual business opportunities and to solve needs and fitness levels. business problems Unique features of IS projects Unique features of IS projects 1. Changing technological context 2. Difficulty of hiring IS personnel 3. Managing user involvement 4.Understand systems development methodologies 5.Unique and novel solutions 6.Changing project scope 7. Changing technologies Unique features of IS projects There are many characteristics that differentiate IS projects from non-IS projects. Here are seven of them. 1. Changing technological context: The technological context in which companies operate today is in a constant flux. Example: Barnes & Noble was forced to establish a web presence in order to offset the competitive advantage gained by Amazon.com’s online sales. 2. Difficulty of hiring IS personnel: There’s competition for talent. It’s oftentimes difficult to hire and retain experienced IS project employees. 3. Managing user involvement: Unlike other types of projects, information systems might be replicated across different parts of the organization and parts of the world. There are different levels of users and skill sets. It’s important to involve end users during system planning, implementation, and maintenance. Unique features of IS projects 4. Understand systems development methodologies: Its important to understand established systems development methodologies and how these can be integrated into a project management framework. Point out the difference between project management methodologies (e.g., PRINCE 2, waterfall, agile) and IS development methodologies (e.g., the systems development lifecycle). 5. Unique and novel solutions: Oftentimes, IS project involved attempting solutions that may have never been tried before. Compared to building a new house where one might have similar past projects and IS project may focus on building a system that has entirely new functionality. 6. Changing project scope: Scope creep and unclear requirements are common in IS projects. Skilled project managers are ones that are able to manage these unique project characteristics. 7. Changing technologies: Technology may change during the course of the project, presenting a “moving target.”  Other Unique Features Changing Required functionality of software Technological Context is constantly increasing Difficulty of Source code is opened to Changing Hiring IS Technologies Personnel potential vulnerabilities IS Project Complexities Software is “invisible” Changing Managing User Project Scope Involvement Few laws in software development Understand Unique and Systems Novel Solutions Development Methodologies What is Project Management? What is Project Management? The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines project management as “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to meet project requirements.” PMI’s Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK), 6th edition (2017) identifies 5 project management process groups and 49 processes, each belonging in one of 10 knowledge areas. Five Process Groups Initiating Planning Executing Closing Monitoring and Controlling Ten Knowledge Areas 1. Project Integration Management (7 processes) 2. Project Scope Management (6 processes) 3. Project Schedule Management (6 processes) 4. Project Cost Management (4 processes) 5. Project Quality Management (3 processes) 6. Project Resource Management (6 processes) 7. Project Communication Management (3 processes) 8. Project Risk Management (7 processes) 9. Project Procurement Management (3 processes) 10.Project Stakeholder Management (4 processes) History of Project Management History of Project Management Some argue that project management originated in ancient Egypt. Late 1800s–beginning of modern project management (e.g., T.D. Judah’s 1857, A Practical Plan for Building the Pacific Railroad). 1917–Henry Lawrence Gantt and the Gantt chart Hoover Dam 1931–Hoover Dam 1942–Manhattan Project 1958–1979–Three-point estimating, critical path method (CPM) 2000s–The rise of agile methods; Manifesto for Agile Software Development Hanford Site 1944 History of Project Management Hoover Dam: In 1931, the development and use of project management techniques similar to those in use today was necessary for the construction of the Hoover Dam. This massive project required the extensive use of both materials and human resources. Because the project involved six companies integrated together as one general contractor, it was crucial for the companies to use project planning and control techniques. Although these project management techniques were then Hoover Dam in their infancy, the Hover Dam was not only successfully completed but completed ahead of time and under budget. History of Project Management Hanford Site: The modern concept of project management originated in 1942 during the so- called Manhattan Project, which was the code name for the U.S. effort to develop an atomic bomb during World War II. This project provided some of the first evidence of the potential modern project management techniques. It lasted from 1942-1946, involved hundreds of scientists, and was accomplished at a cost of approximately US$1.8 billion, which in today’s dollars would be well over US$20 billion. Hanford Site 1944 Sample WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) Sample WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) Sample Network Diagram Sample Gantt Chart Technology for Project Management Technology for Project Management Project management information system in Software Engineering is the collection of manual and software tools used to support all aspects of managing a project. Includes PM software, configuration management systems, source code management systems (e.g., GitHub), collaboration systems, knowledge bases, etc. Tools used to support activities across planning, execution, and control phases of the project lifecycle. Tools assist in creating project timelines, estimating costs, assigning, resources, for example. Microsoft Project 2016 is used to provide examples PM Software Classification Number of Users From two co-located users to many users across countries and time zones Project Management Software Industry Specificity Procore for construction projects, SYMPAZ SQL for government contractors; RoboHead marketing/creative projects; Platform Microsoft Windows, Linux, Apple’s Mac OS, or mobile and cloud-based platforms. Target Market and Price Low-end for small companies to high-end, multiuser-licensed packages for enterprise organizations. Skills of a Project Manager  Examples of technical skills include: coding, networking, data analytics, data visualization, A Balanced Skillset etc., as well as various project management tools and techniques. Examples of strategic and business Technical Project management skills include: skills related to Management Skills different functional areas of an organization (e.g., finance and accounting, purchasing, marketing, contracts and commercial law, and manufacturing), high-level organization-wide skills (e.g., logistics and supply chain; strategic, tactical, and operational planning; understanding organizational structure and behavior; health and safety practices; and information technology). Strategic and Business Leadership Management Skills Examples of leadership skills include: effective communication, keen interpersonal skills, negotiation and conflict management skills, problem solving, establish vision, align people, motivate, etc. Project Failures and Project Success Project Failures and Project Success 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Incomplete Lack of User Lack of Unreaslitic Lack of Requirements Involvement Resources Expectations Executive Support  Five Project Success Factors Project Success Management User Clear Business Skilled Optimization Support Involvement Objectives Resources  A Recap Project, program, portfolio History of project management and Stakeholders, project sponsors, rise of agile methods project manager, project success Key tools include Gantt chart, critical IS projects are undertaken to 1) path method, three-point solve business problems and 2) estimating take advantage of business Skills of a successful project opportunities manager reside in three areas: Unique characteristics of IS projects 1)technical project management skills, 2) strategic and business Project management five process management skills, and 3) groups, 49 processes, and 10 leadership. knowledge areas Reasons for project failures and successes. Assignment Refer /Click the link below and download the original copy of the Assignment Document. Read the instructions once downloaded. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RRX- Jomc52u3bUbgnJq19qTTxwKIJ2_O/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=10520787 7702428762951&rtpof=true&sd=true Note: Do not update the original document directly, download a copy of the original document and update it as your own copy, to avoid any unexpected changes.