Chapter 2 Astronomy Review Questions PDF

PHYS 100 - ASTRONOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In one way of naming stars, a ______________ letter indicates its brightness relative to the other stars in the constellation. a. English b. Arabic c. Greek d. Cyrillic...

PHYS 100 - ASTRONOMY CHAPTER 2 REVIEW QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. In one way of naming stars, a ______________ letter indicates its brightness relative to the other stars in the constellation. a. English b. Arabic c. Greek d. Cyrillic 2. A constellation must consist of a number of stars, all a. at the same distance from the Earth. b. at various different distances from the Earth. c. within a boundary in the same general angular area of the sky. d. Wrong! Constellations are made of planets only. 3. Although the constellations originated in Greek and Middle Eastern mythology, the names are a. English. b. German. c. Russian. d. Chinese. e. Latin. 4. The names of stars usually come from a. ancient Arabic. b. ancient English. c. Latin. d. Russian. e. Chinese. 5. ___________ is the brightest star in the constellation of Ursa Majoris. a. β Ursa Majoris b. γ Ursa Majoris c. α Ursa Majoris d. Wrong! Ursa Majoris is the name of the brightest star. 6. Seen from the northern latitudes, the star Polaris a. is never above the horizon during the day. b. always sets directly in the west. c. is always above the northern horizon. d. is never visible during the winter. e. is the brightest star in the sky. 7. An observer on Earth's equator would find a. Polaris directly overhead. b. Polaris 40° above the northern horizon. c. that the celestial equator coincides with the horizon. d. the celestial equator passing directly overhead. e. that the ecliptic coincides with the horizon. 8. The celestial equator is a. a line around the sky directly above Earth's equator. b. the dividing line between the north and south celestial hemispheres. c. the path that the sun appears to follow on the celestial sphere as Earth orbits the sun. d. a and b. e. a and c. 9. The ________ is the point on the celestial sphere directly above any observer. a. north celestial pole b. south celestial pole c. zenith d. celestial equator e. asterism 10. An observer in the Northern Hemisphere watches the sky for several hours. Due to the motion of Earth, this observer notices that the stars near the north celestial pole appear to move a. counter clockwise. b. clockwise. c. from left to right. d. from right to left. e. nearly vertically upward. 11. You live at a latitude of 73° N. What is the angle between the northern horizon and the north celestial pole? a. 73° b. 27° c. 17° d. 23½° e. 5° 12. You live at a latitude of 39° S. What is the angle between the southern horizon and the south celestial pole? a. 45° b. 23.5° c. 39° d. 51° e. The answer depends on the day of the year. 13. You live at a latitude of 28° N. What is the angle between the northern horizon and the north celestial pole? a. 62° b. 28° c. 40° d. 23½° e. 5° 14. You live at a latitude of 16° S. What is the angle between the southern horizon and the south celestial pole? a. 74° b. 164° c. 16° d. 23½° e. 5° 15. If the north celestial pole appears on your horizon, what is your latitude? a. 90° N b. 90° S c. 0° d. 45° N e. The latitude of the observer cannot be determined from the information given. 16. What is the approximate latitude of the observer in the diagram to the right? North a. 90° N Celestial Pole b. 90° S E c. 50° N N S d. 50° S W e. 0° 17. What is the approximate latitude of the observer in the diagram to the right? South a. 20° N Celestial E Pole b. 20° S N S c. 70° N W d. 70° S e. 0° 18. An observer in the Northern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration depicts the photograph taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north Star Trails b. straight east c. straight south d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 19. An observer in the Northern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration depicts the photograph taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north b. straight east c. straight south Star Trails d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 20. An observer in the Southern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration depicts the photograph taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north b. straight east Star Trails c. straight south d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 21 An observer in the Southern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration depicts the photograph taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north b. straight east c. straight south Star Trails d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 22. An observer in the Northern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration depicts the photograph Star Trails taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north b. straight east c. straight south d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 23. An observer in the Southern Hemisphere takes a time exposure photograph of the night sky. If the illustration to the right depicts the photograph taken by the observer, which direction was the camera pointing? a. straight north b. straight east c. straight south Star Trails d. straight west e. straight up, directly overhead Horizon 24. What causes summer here in the northern hemisphere? In the summer, at this point a. the Earth is closer to the sun. b. the Earth's northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun. c. the Earth's northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun. 25. When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, it is ________ in the southern hemisphere. a. winter b. summer c. spring d. fall 26. The sun moves ____________ along the ecliptic among the stars. a. eastward b. westward c. The sun does not appear to move. 27. Which of the following causes seasons on the earth? a. the earth being closer to the sun during our summer and farther during our winter b. the sun's varying light output c. the tilt of the earth's axis d. the eleven-year sunspot cycle 28. The summer solstice (at the start of summer) is the point on the ecliptic where the sun a. crosses the celestial equator moving north. b. crosses the celestial equator moving south. c. is farthest north of the celestial equator halting its northward movement. d. is farthest south of the celestial equator halting its southward movement. 29. At the time of the winter solstice (the start of winter) the sun is a. farthest south of the celestial equator. b. farthest north of the celestial equator. c. on the celestial equator moving north. d. on the celestial equator moving south. 30. As seen from the earth, the sun appears to move ____________ along the ________ among the stars. a. eastward, celestial equator b. westward, celestial equator c. eastward, ecliptic d. westward, ecliptic e. Wrong! The sun does not appear to move among the stars. 31. At the time of the winter solstice (the start of winter) the sunlight is at a lower angle and thus is ______ than(as) in the start of summer. a. less intense b. more intense c. the same intensity 32. Precession of the rotation axis of Earth is caused by a. the force of gravity from the sun and moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. b. the force of gravity from the sun and Jupiter on the Earth-moon system. c. the magnetic field of Earth. d. the formation and subsequent melting of glaciers during the ice-ages. e. the impact of asteroids. 33. Precession of the rotation axis of Earth takes _______________to complete a cycle. a. 24 hours b. one year c. 260 years d. 26,000 years e. 260,000 years 34. Precession of the rotation axis of Earth is caused by a. the force of gravity from the sun and moon on Earth's equatorial bulge. b. the force of gravity from the sun and Jupiter on the Earth-moon system. c. the magnetic field of Earth. d. the formation and subsequent melting of glaciers during the ice-ages. e. the impact of asteroids. 35. The elliptical shape of the Earth’s orbit varies with time and takes _______________to complete a cycle. a. 24 hours b. one year c. 260 years d. 26,000 years e. 100,000 years 36. In the Milankovitch theory, the elliptical shape of the Earth’s orbit, its axis tilt, and axis precession vary with time. These combined at times to create ____________ on Earth. a. day and night b. seasonal temperature variations c. daily temperature variations d. ice ages e. the constellations 37. Does the appearance of the constellations follow a seasonal pattern? a. No, all of the constellations are on any clear night of the year. b. Yes. As the year progresses, the constellations move to different areas of the sky. c. Yes, during a winter night all the constellations you can see are different from the ones that appear during a summer night. d. Yes, during a summer night many of the constellations you can see are different from those you can see on a winter night. However, there are some constellations that are visible all year long. 38. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between stars and constellations? a. Only stars close to the ecliptic (the Earth's orbital plane) are located in constellations. b. Every star is located in a constellation. c. Only the brighter stars are in constellations. d. Only those stars that were visible to the ancient Greeks are located in constellations. 39. How much of the night sky is north of the celestial equator? a. Less than one-half, because of the tilt of the equator to the ecliptic plane. b. More than one-half, because of the precession of the poles. c. Exactly one-half. d. All of the night sky. 40. If you point toward the zenith right now and then point there again 6 hours later, you will have pointed twice in the same direction relative to a. your horizon. b. the Sun. c. the Moon. d. the fixed stars. 41. If an observer walks north toward increasing latitude, the number of circumpolar stars would a. remain constant. b. decrease. c. increase. d. Unknown unless you also state the longitude of the observer. 42. If you were standing on the Earth’s equator, which of the following points in the sky would pass through your zenith at some time during one full day (24 hours)? a. The north celestial pole b. The summer solstice c. The vernal (spring) equinox d. The ecliptic pole 43. If the Sun passes directly overhead on at least one day per year, then a. you are within 23½° latitude of the equator. b. you are within 66½° latitude of the equator. c. you must be exactly on the equator. d. you could be anywhere because this occurs at least once per year at any location on the Earth. 44. In Brazil, the longest period of daylight occurs during the month of a. December. b. March. c. September. d. June. 45. If you are standing at the Earth’s North Pole, which of the following would be located at the zenith? a. The nadir b. The star Vega c. The celestial equator d. The north celestial pole 46. For stars in the same constellation they a. probably formed at the same time. b. must be part of the same cluster of stars in space. c. must have been discovered at about the same time. d. may actually be very far away from each other. 47. During the month of June the north celestial pole points towards Polaris but during the month of December it points a. just north of Polaris. b. just south of Polaris. c. towards the star Vega. d. towards the star Thuban. e. still towards Polaris. 48. If the Earth’s period of rotation doubled, but the period of revolution stayed the same a. the night would be twice as long. b. the night would be half as long. c. the year would be half as long. d. the year would be twice as long. e. the length of the day would be unchanged 49. The ecliptic can be defined as a. the plane that is perpendicular to the Earth's axis of rotation. b. the projection of the Earth's equator onto the sky. c. the path traced out by the Moon in our sky in one month against the background stars. * d. the path traced out by the Sun in our sky over one year against the background stars. 50. The lowest amount of solar energy per square meter is incident upon the surface of Earth in the northern hemisphere on or about * a. December 21, the winter solstice. b. March 21, the vernal equinox. c. September 21, the autumnal equinox. d. June 21, the summer solstice. TRUE/FALSE F 1. The Greeks created the constellations. T 2 The Greek letter designation conveys information about a star's location and brightness. F 3. The celestial equator always passes directly overhead. T 4. The celestial equator always crosses the horizon at the east point and west point. T 5 Navigators can find their latitude by measuring the angle from the northern horizon to the north celestial pole. T 6. As Earth rotates, circumpolar stars appear to move counterclockwise around the north celestial pole.