Chapter 1 Part 2 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life PowerPoint PDF

Chapter 1 Part 2 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life  Learning Objectives Be able to differentiate the two types of cells. Be able to name and describe the structure and function of the two main parts of a cell. Be able to describe the structure and function of the followi...

Chapter 1 Part 2 Biochemistry and the Unity of Life  Learning Objectives Be able to differentiate the two types of cells. Be able to name and describe the structure and function of the two main parts of a cell. Be able to describe the structure and function of the following organelles of a cell: nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.  1.4 Membranes Define the Cell and Carry Out Cellular Functions Basic unit of life is the cell Cells grow, replicate, and interact with each other Organisms can be one cell or many cells Two types of cells Prokaryotic – no nucleus or membrane enclosed structures within cell Eukaryotic – true nucleus and membrane enclosed structures within cell Two parts of cell regardless of type Cell membrane is outer boundary of cell Phospholipid bilayer Phosphate head groups are hydrophilic and point toward exterior of membrane Fatty acid tails are hydrophobic and point toward interior of membrane Cytoplasm is intracellular material within membrane Chemically different from external environment of cell  1.4 Membranes Define the Cell and Carry Out Cellular Functions Parts of a Cell Plasma membrane Semipermeable membrane – allows some things to cross, but other things cannot Phospholipids only allow very small and hydrophobic things to cross Proteins aid larger, hydrophilic things to cross Cytoplasm Site for many biochemical processes Glucose metabolism, fatty acid synthesis, and protein synthesis Organized by cytoskeleton composed of: Actin filaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules  1.4 Membranes Define the Cell and Carry Out Cellular Functions Organelles important in biochemistry Nucleus Double-membrane with nuclear pores Information center of cell Houses DNA Mitochondrion Double-membrane within inner membrane highly folded Intermembrane space between the membranes Mitochondrial matrix inside of inner membrane Produces most energy used by the cell  1.4 Membranes Define the Cell and Carry Out Cellular Functions Organelles important in processing and sorting proteins Endoplasmic reticulum Network of membranous sacs Two types: Rough endoplasmic reticulum With ribosomes, plays role in synthesis of proteins that will be inserted into membranes or secreted from the cell With chaperones, folds proteins Modifies proteins Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Processes exogenous chemicals Lipid synthesis  1.4 Membranes Define the Cell and Carry Out Cellular Functions Golgi complex Receives vesicles with proteins from rough endoplasmic reticulum Further processes proteins Adds carbohydrates Packages proteins in vesicles and sends out to target