Chapter 1, Part 1 PDF

Chapter 1: Brain Basics Part 1 of 2 Mac Woodburn | 9.27.22 [email protected] https://tarheels.live/trianglebrainbee/ @TriBrainBee Introduction: The Triangle Brain Bee Founded in 2021 Chapter of (Inter) National Brain Bee Led by grad students, postd...

Chapter 1: Brain Basics Part 1 of 2 Mac Woodburn | 9.27.22 [email protected] https://tarheels.live/trianglebrainbee/ @TriBrainBee Introduction: The Triangle Brain Bee Founded in 2021 Chapter of (Inter) National Brain Bee Led by grad students, postdocs, staff at UNC Triangle Brain Bee Lessons Each weekly lesson @ Tues. 5-7pm will cover a chapter from the BrainFacts Book the competition questions are based Lead instructor(s) will rotate each week ~40-60 minutes of lecture/interactive content Triangle Brain Bee Competition will be Sat. March 4, 2023 (location/time TBD) - Format: Free-response questions, write answers on white board, timed - 1st place: $$ and bragging rights - 1st place winner goes onto National Brain Bee Triangle Brain Bee Lesson Schedule 2 Neuroanatomy Sessions: -Oct/Nov. 2022 -Jan/Feb. 2023 More info coming soon! Lesson Expectations -Not expected to read the chapter before lessons. We are your guides! BrainFacts covers lots of content! Please ask questions during/after lessons (online/offline) -This is self driven so you can be as involved as you want, but you will learn more and do better at the competition if you put in more effort throughout. Each chapter is 5-9 pages long. -We are here as mentors and learners along with y’all! We encourage you to talk with us about college/careers/etc. Introduction: Mac (he/him) 6th year PhD student @ UNC My research examines how brain networks support cognition during infancy and childhood: How does brain connectivity change over years of development? How does brain connectivity change over seconds and minutes when learning? How does the past inform the present? Career plans: professor, education, science communication, data science?? Life of a Neuron @ArtTechHouseDC Introduction: About You Expected number of students: 20-40 Majority have no experience with Neuroscience Interests: Ch.1 Part 1 (pg. 10-13) Learning Objectives (LO) 1. I can identify and describe the functions of the four lobes of the brain 2. I can explain what a neural network is and how they function 3. I can identify different types of brain waves https://www.brainfacts.org/the-brain-facts-book The Brain: What does it do? Inputs from the body Output messages to body for variety of actions History of the brain & mind Cardiocentric hypothesis: “Know it by heart” Greek philosophers like Aristotle Cephalocentric hypothesis: Brain Mind Proposed ~550 BC by Pythagoras Major brain landmarks Cerebral cortex: deeply folded layer of nerve tissue making up the surface of the cerebrum Corpus callosum: the bundle of nerve fibers carrying information between the two cerebral hemispheres LO #1 Cerebral cortex LO #1 The lobes in the cerebrum Parietal Frontal Occipital Temporal LO #1 Occipital Lobe Functions: ○ Processing visual information ○ Recognizing different shapes and colors, complex visual representations LO #1 Test your Occipital Lobe! Stereograms: 2D images with 3D perception based on differing input between two eyes LO #1 Test your Occipital Lobe! Stereograms: 2D images with 3D perception based on differing input between two eyes LO #1 Test your Occipital Lobe! Stereograms: 2D images with 3D perception based on differing input between two eyes LO #1 Parietal Lobe Functions: ○ integrating sensory information from skin ○ processing taste ○ higher-level visual processing (spatial navigation) ○ attention LO #1 Test your Parietal Lobe! LO #1 Temporal Lobe Functions: ○ Higher-level visual processing (object recognition) ○ Processing auditory information & language ○ Encoding new memories Hippocampus ○ Integrating memories and emotion Amygdala Amygdala LO #1 Hippocampus Test your Temporal Lobe! LO #1 Test your Temporal Lobe! Nath & Beauchamp, 2012 LO #1 Frontal Lobe Functions: ○ Coordination of voluntary movement ○ Language production ○ Problem solving, thinking, planning, organizing ○ Personality and Emotions Case Study: Phineas Gage LO #1 Test your Frontal Lobe! LO #1 Test your Frontal Lobe! Adleman et al.,, 2002 LO #1 Lobe Review Major brain landmarks: Limbic system Hippocampus: encodes new memories Amygdala: integrates memory and emotion Parts involved in the limbic system: a group of Thalamus: “relay station” to integrate and relay structures that maintain sensory information to other brain parts emotion and motivation Hypothalamus: sends hormonal signals to body (through the pituitary gland) Amygdala/Frontal Lobe TikTok LO #1 The forebrain The Four Lobes ○ Frontal lobe ○ Parietal lobe ○ Occipital lobe ○ Temporal lobe Subcortical structures LO #1 Midbrain Beneath thalamus Triggers reflexes to sound, coordinates eye movement Coordinates motor and sensory input by blocking unwanted body movements Some regions in midbrain + some parts of forebrain = basal ganglia - Basal ganglia: group of structures that help control complex body movements Basal Ganglia LO #1 Hindbrain Role in glucose regulation, sleep, movement Hindbrain → Cerebellum: coordinates motor movements, helps to learn new motor skills, spatial and temporal perception Pons: for breathing and posture Medulla: connects neural pathways from brain to spinal cord that control basic functions (examples: breathing, heart rate, swallowing) Midbrain + pons + medulla = brainstem → LO #1 Brain Evolution Earliest brain structured as a nerve cord like the modern Lancelet Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain emerged and expanded as areas responsible for specific functions evolved More specialized neurons evolved into more complex tissue -> complex processing Lancelet (amphioxus) LO #1 Neural Networks Network = group of nerve tracts connecting a series of brain regions What happens in your brain as you watch a movie? LO #2 Neural Networks Organize and Integrate Information Several networks exist for different functions LO #2 Neural Circuits LO #2  Hertz (Hz) = 1 cycle per second Four types of brain waves LO #3 Interactive Break: The Brain as an Orchestra https://towardsdatascience.com/audio-ai-isolating-vocals-from-stereo-music-using- convolutional-neural-networks-210532383785 LO #3 Summary 1. I can identify and describe the functions of the four lobes of the brain 2. I can explain what a neural network is and how they function 3. I can identify different types of brain waves Questions & Feedback Survey Please fill out this Google Form to give feedback about today’s lesson! - https://forms.gle/BtswbHcJvt3jU4TC6 We will also email the survey