Chapter 1 Introduction to the Internet PDF

CIT 1006: INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET Ms. Asihvini Govinda Pilay Jan 2025 LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to;  Define the Internet  Describe how...

CIT 1006: INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNET Ms. Asihvini Govinda Pilay Jan 2025 LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you should be able to;  Define the Internet  Describe how the Internet is used  Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web  Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet DEFINING THE INTERNET  The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows individual and business computer users around the world to share information and other resources and to conduct business transactions.  The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where each host has a number of other computers connected to it.  Users who connect to the Internet to access information and services are online. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 3 DEFINING THE INTERNET  A network is a group of two or more computers that are connected to share resources and information.  Internet backbone is a collection of high-speed data lines that connect major computer systems located around the world. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 4  DEFINING THE INTERNET 5 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET USING THE INTERNET The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life by revolutionizing how: – People access information for personal and business use – Individual shoppers or commercial buyers purchase products and services – People enjoy entertainment offerings – Students do their schoolwork – People communicate with friends, family, colleagues, and others – Businesses interact with their customers, vendors, and business partners CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 6  USING THE INTERNET 7 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET USING THE INTERNET  Who Uses the Internet?  Students  Teachers  Businesspeople  Professionals  Homemakers  Children  Retirees CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 8 EARLY USE OF INTERNET  People also use the Internet to publish online diaries, known as a blog (short for weblog)  Some members of the U.S. Congress and Senate keep their constituents updated by microblogging, sending brief text messages throughout the day to interested subscribers CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 9 WHAT IS THE USE OF THE INTERNET??? USING THE INTERNET Internet Activities – Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web – Communicating with others through e-mail, text or video chat, social networking, instant messaging, Web-based discussion groups, newsgroups, mailing lists, blogs and microblogs, and other media – Downloading and uploading files – Accessing remote computers or servers – Conducting business activities – Online shopping CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 11 USING THE INTERNET CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 12  USING THE INTERNET  Internet Activities (cont'd)  Search tools  Web-based resource to help find specific information on the Web CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 13 USING THE INTERNET 14 USING THE INTERNET  Internet Activities (cont)  Downloading and uploading files – using FTP to send or retrieve electronic files from a server  Music, video, and data  Remote Computing  Cloud Computing  Virtual Private Networks (VPN)  Web conferencing  Telnet CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 15  USING THE INTERNET 16 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  USING THE INTERNET  Internet Activities (cont'd)  Conducting business activities  E-business CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 17 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET  Origins in ARPANET  Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote scientific advances  J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information processing research efforts  Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching  ARPANET – prototype network connecting ARPA and university research centers CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 18 EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals: Allow scientists at Function even if part different physical of the network were locations to share disabled or destroyed information and work by a disaster together CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 19  HISTORY OF THE INTERNET Growth and Development of ARPANET – Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971) – Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed a standard or protocol for communications over a network TCP and IP (1972) Beyond Research, to the Public – NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985) – Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet (1992) – NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers (1995) CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 20 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET  The Beginnings and Rise of the Web  Gopher at University of Minnesota  Directory-based system  Made it easier to find documents on Internet- connected servers CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 21 HISTORY OF THE INTERNET  The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)  Tim Berners-Lee (1991)  Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)  Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)  First Web browser and Web server  Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)  Mosaic browser  Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)  Netscape Navigator browser CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 22  HISTORY OF THE INTERNET 23 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET HISTORY OF THE INTERNET  The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)  Research and education networks  Internet2 (I2)  CANARIE  The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the defacto organization that governs HTML, provides a particularly rich history of the Internet and the World Wide Web. 24 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNET 1969 1986 NSF connects ARPANET NSFnet to ARPANET and 1996 becomes becomes known as the Internet2 is functional Internet founded 1984 1995 Today ARPANET NSFNet More than has more terminates 550 million than 1,000 its network hosts individual on the connect to computers Internet and the Internet linked as resumes hosts status as research CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET network 25  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Access Provider is a business that provides individuals and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee  Internet Service Providers (ISPs): a company that has permanent connections to the Internet backbone.  Utilize high or medium speed data lines to ensure companies and individuals to connect to the backbone for access to the Internet.  Digital Subscriber Line or Cable Data Line are being used for home connection at home 26 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET ISP (Internet Wireless Online service service Internet service provider (OSP) provider) provider Regional ISPs provide Provides wireless Internet access to a Has many members- Internet access to specific geographical only features computers and area mobile devices National ISPs provide Popular OSPs include Internet access in AOL (America May require a wireless cities and towns Online) and MSN modem nationwide (Microsoft Network) 27 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  28 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET What’s your choice?  Considerations for choosing an ISP  The speed or bandwidth of the connection  The type of connection and cost of service  Availability of customer service and technical support 29 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET- INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER IN MALAYSIA 30 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods  Dial-up access  Computer uses regular telephone lines and a modem to access the Internet  Mostly home users  Considered a temporary connection TM Net is an Internet service provider in Malaysia. As of 2009, it was the only fixed-line broadband provider in Malaysia. It also provides Internet Protocol television and other multimedia services. TM Net is a wholly owned subsidiary of Malaysia's main telecommunication provider,TM Bhd. TM Net was established in 1995 by Telekom Malaysia as part of Malaysia’s National Broadband Plan. On 1 November 1996, TM Net launched its dial-up service under short code 1515, as the second national ISP. TMNET has been serving its customer for more than 20 years. On 10 August 2017, TM discontinued its Dial-Up 31 and ISDN services. CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods (cont'd)  Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)  An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over standard telephone wires  Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and voice  Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by online intruders DSL was initially deployed on a trial basis. The first commercial trial of ADSL by TM was done through a service known as HiS that was deployed together with Ericsson in 1999. The original Streamyx broadband service was launched in April 2001 at the speed of 384 kbit/s has been discontinued. In June 2007, TM Net launched its 4 Mbit/s service at selected locations. On 8 January 2013,TM Net launched its 8 Mbit/s service at selected locations and extended the IPTV services HyppTV to Streamyx customers. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 32  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods (cont'd)  Cable  An “always on” high-speed Internet connection over cable TV lines  Cable modem and line splitter required  Firewall protection needed 33  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods (cont'd)  Fixed wireless connections  Microwave  Fixed wireless connections use microwaves to transmit data and require specialized outside equipment: an antenna and a small dish or receiver  Repeaters  Wireless Internet service provider (WISP) 34 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods (cont'd)  Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)  One way or two-way satellite transmissions 35 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET Connection Methods (cont'd) – Mobile Wireless Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to networks Hotspot – specific geographic location in which a wireless access point provides public Internet access Wireless access point – hardware that connects wireless devices to a network 36 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET  Connection Methods (cont’d)  Mobile Broadband  Mobile data card or modem installed in a computer to allow it to connect to a wireless network  Cell phones, smartphones, or PDAs can connect to the Internet  High-Speed Business Connections  Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet access to employees CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 37 CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 38 IMPORTANT TERMS  World Wide Web: part of the Internet that supports multimedia and consists of a collection of linked documents and is called Web  Web pages: linked documents, or pages of information on the Web. The information found on the web can be in the form of text, graphics, sound, and video. It is created using HTML or Web authoring software and connected by hyperlinks.  Web Browser: also called a browser, is a program that interprets and displays Web pages and enables you to view and interact with a Web Page. Chrome, Internet Explorer Mozila Firefox, Bing, and Opera are examples of web browser CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 39 IMPORTANT TERMS  Web Site – collection of web pages that is created and maintained by individual, company, educational institution or other organization.  Home Page – is the first document users see when they access the Web Site. It serves as an index or table of contents to other documents and files stored on the site. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 40  Educational website Shopping website Personal blogs 41 IMPORTANT TERMS  Web Server – a computer that stores and send requested web pages and other files. Any computer that has Web Server installed is connected to the Internet can act as a Web Server.  Publishing – an act of copying Web pages and other files to a Web Server. Once a web page is published, anyone who has access to the Internet can be able to view it, regardless the location of the Web Server.  Hyper Text Transfer Protocol – set of rules for exchanging text, graphic, sound, video and other multimedia files. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 42  TYPES OF WEB SITES  Internet: a website that is generally available to the public. It can be created by individuals, groups, companies, and educational institutions that use Internet sites for a variety of purposes CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 43 TYPES OF WEB SITES  Intranet: private network that uses Internet technologies to share company information among employees. An intranet is contained within a company or organization’s network. Policy and procedure manuals usually are found on an intranet in addition to a variety of forms. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 44 TYPES OF WEB SITES  Extranet: a private network that uses Internet technologies to share business information with selected corporate partners or key customers. Most extranets are password protected to restrict access to specific suppliers, vendors, or customers. CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 45 TYPES OF WEB SITES CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 46  USING THE INTERNET 47 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  WEB BROWSERS  Uniform Resource Locator: address of a document or other file accessible on the Internet. www.facebook.com is the URL for the Facebook page.  Hyperlink is an element used to connect one Web page to another Web page on the same or a different, web server located anywhere in the world. 48 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  49 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET  In a group of 2; 1.EXERCISE List 10 top things you do using internet 2. Search for 1 best Internet service provider in Malaysia and explain why 3. Choose any website, discuss the features that the website has in terms of the home page, menu bar with links, graphic link. 4. List 3 features that you think can be improved from the website.  The website should be fall in the category as below: Education based website Informational based website E-Commerce/Retail Website Shopping based Website 50 CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET CHAPTER SUMMARY  Define the Internet  Describe how the Internet is used  Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web  Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the Internet CHAPTER 1: INTO THE INTERNET 51