Q2 Computer Review - Internet History & Technologies PDF

Q2- COMPUTER 6- REVIEWER LESSON 1: THE INTERNET History of the Internet Year No. of Computers Connected Highlights 1957 0 USSR launched the first satellite. USA Started A...

Q2- COMPUTER 6- REVIEWER LESSON 1: THE INTERNET History of the Internet Year No. of Computers Connected Highlights 1957 0 USSR launched the first satellite. USA Started ARPANET 1962 0 Packet Switching was developed. 1972 4 The first email program was created by Ray Tomlinson. 1973 23 TCP/ IP 1976 111+ Ethernet technology was developed (LAN) 1983 562 TCP/ IP became the core Internet Protocol. 1985 1, 961 NSF began deploying its T1 line. 1988 56, 000 Completion of the t1 (1.544Mbps), NSFNET backbone, internet traffic increased quickly. 1992 1, 136, 000 NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44.736Mbps). 1994 3, 864, 000 Pizza Hut offers pizza ordering on its webpage. 1996 Over 15, 000, 000 growing ISPs became the major carrier of internet rapidly traffic. Internet Technologies and Applications 1. Local Area Network (LAN): This interconnects computers in one location. 2. Wide Area Network (WAN): This interconnects different LANs. 3. Wireless Fidelity (WiFi): This allows wireless Internet access using Internet Protocol (IP). 4. General packet radio Service (GPRS): This allows mobile users to access the Internet using cellular phones. 5. 4G LTE: The standard for wireless communication of high-speed data mobile phones. 6. Voice over Internet Protocol (VolP): This allows telephone calls over the Internet using Internet Protocol. 7. Multimedia Streaming: This allows audio/ video streaming over the internet. 8. Broadband: This refers to the high-speed transmission of data between your computer and the Internet. 9. Cluster/ Grid Computing: This allows intensive computations to be distributed to thousands of computers and lets them process computations simultaneously.  Here are some of the most popular online resources available, some of which can be used for free: 1. Email 2. Search Engine 3. Chat 4. Blog 5. P2P Networks 6. Social Networks 7. E-commerce stores Here are some trends and predictions on the Internet: 1. The usage of mobile devices and tablets will overtake the desktop PC in connecting to the Internet. 2. Newspapers, magazines, TV, and movies becoming more and more available in digital form and online. The Internet is a source of information and entertainment. 3. Collaboration and real-time interaction become bigger and more frequent. 4. Computing devices will proliferate as embedded RFID and Bluetooth technologies will allow home appliances to be connected to a home personal network and the internet. 5. Virtual classes will allow homeschooling systems and thus reduce traffic in major cities of the world. LESSON 2: WEB BROWSER FUNCTIONS AND TOOLS Anatomy of a Web Browser Back Takes you back to the previous page. Forward Takes you to the next page. Refresh Reloads the page you are looking at. Tab Allows multiple documents or panels to be contained within a single window. Favorites or Bookmarks A placeholder for a web page that will allow quick access. Shortcuts The list of web pages a user has visited. It provides the user with a history list to go back to previously visited pages. Address bar Used to input and show the address of a website. How to access a Web page through a Web browser? 1. Web browsers send a request to a Web server to access a certain file indicated by the URL being requested. 2. The Web server then sends the HTML code to the computer using the HTTP protocol. 3. When the HTML file and other document images have loaded, the Web browser will display them on the screen.  Troubleshooting Web Browser Problems The Internet is sometimes very difficult to access due to some network and user problems. 1. Network Connectivity: There are different causes of problems in network connectivity and they typically occur because of the following reasons: a. Incorrect network adapters b. Incorrect settings c. Faulty hardware d. Driver issues 2. Configuration Problems: Configuration problems in computers occur when the system or software settings are incorrect or incompatible, leading to errors, crashes, or poor performance. To troubleshoot configuration problems, you can: a. Identify the Problem b. Check for Error Messages c. Restart Your Computer d. Check Cables and Connections e. Update Software and Drivers f. Review Configuration Setting g. Check for Malware and Viruses h. Backup Important Data i. Seek Professional Help j. Testing 3. Virus-infected Files: Can cause significant damage to your system, and web browsers are particularly vulnerable to attacks. To troubleshoot virus-related issues in web browsers, you can: a. Install Antivirus Software and keep it updated. 🍪 4. Cache/ History/ Cookies (Maintaining a Browser): A cookie is a small file containing information about the user, such as username, password, etc. that can be retrieved for the benefit of websites. a. The problem occurs when certain websites require cookies for authentication (like logging in), but your browser is not set to accept them. This can prevent you from accessing or using those sites properly. By enabling cookies, you allow the website to store necessary data, like your login information, ensuring it functions correctly. b. The steps on how to clear cookies and browsing data in Google Chrome. This can help improve browser performance, fix issues related to cookies, and enhance privacy by removing stored site data. 1. Open Google Chrome. 2. Select "Settings." 3. Scroll down and click on "Privacy and security" 4. Click on "Clear browsing data." 5. In the pop-up window, select "Cookies and other site data." 6. You can also choose a time range for which you want to remove cookies. 7. Click "Clear data." LESSON 3: HAVING YOUR WEBSITE What is a Website? A website is a collection of files accessed through a web address, covering a particular theme or subject, and managed by a particular person or organization. Its opening page is called a home page. Definition of Terms: a. Domain Name: A domain name (often simply called a domain) is an easy-to-remember name that's associated with a physical IP address on the Internet. It's the unique name that appears after the @ sign-in email addresses and after www. in web addresses. Example: https://www.sweettreats.com b. Homepage: Your homepage is where 90% of your visitors will end up when they first reach your website. It is responsible for giving a good first impression of your business. c. Content Section: Your content section is where all of your page information goes. This is where the bulk of your titles, paragraphs, images, and forms will go on your website. The content section is known as the biggest part of the page. Guidelines that will help you create your first website: 1. Your Website Objective: a. Determine your objectives in making a website. Is it to have a journal online where you can share your thoughts? Do you want a venue where you can write about your hobby, such as your favorite sport? Would you like to put up a fan website for your favorite celebrity? b. Identify your target audience. Teenagers Kids Young professionals Parents, or all of the above? Example: Create a baking website to showcase recipes, share baking tips, and build a community of baking enthusiasts. 2. Your Website Content: a. Determine the types of information that you want your site to contain. Note: If your audience doesn't need it, delete it. Do not include fluff and unnecessary information in your website’s content. Example: Homepage: Introduction to your baking passion. Recipes Baking Tips Blog Gallery Videos: Tutorials for baking techniques, Video demonstrations of recipes, Tips, and tricks in video format. Community/Forum: Space for baking enthusiasts to connect.  Links/Resources: Links to favorite baking blogs and websites and Recommended baking products and equipment. 3. Your Website Name: a. Pick a domain name and a website title. The domain name identifies the URL or address of your website. Notes: If you are building a personal website, you can use your full name: www.ausamalouiesa.com You can also use catchy words: www.fluffyfennec.com If you’re creating a website to promote a business a good domain name could be www.sweettreats.com b. Your domain name should immediately give a clue as to what your website is about. It has a good keyword. c. Attract visitors to your website and at the same time short enough for a good recall. d. Make it simple and easy to memorize. Be straight and not vague especially if yours is a professional website with a lot of competition. e. Don’t forget to ask for opinions from your family members, and trusted friends, especially those who are internet-savvy. 4. The Look of Your Website: a. A good appealing website not only attracts but also builds credibility. The content, of your website design, should look attractive to your target audience to be effective and to stand out from other websites. If you’re creating a professional website, it would be helpful to have a professional logo that will increase recognition and recall for the product or service you are offering. b. Main Parts of a Webpage: Header This is the top of the website that contains your website’s logo, name/title, and perhaps other elements such as a search box, contact information, social media links, and photos. Top Navigation The top navigation contains links to the major sections of your website. Body This is where the main content of your website can be found. It can be in text, images, sounds, or videos. Footer The footer is at the bottom of your website. It contains links to important sections of your website. Sidebar The sidebar is used to spotlight some pages of your  web page. Not all websites have a sidebar. Remember: Having too many graphics is a no-no in website design because they can be confusing and straining to the eyes, and they decrease the loading speed of your Web pages. If you must include certain graphics, make sure you keep them at a minimum and include only the essential ones. LESSON 4: SCRIPTING LANGUAGE: HTML What is a Scripting language? a. Scripting Language is a programming language or format that tells the computer how to display a Web page. b. A scripting language can run within a Web browser. c. The most common of all scripting languages is HTML. d. In advanced Web design, a scripting language is a specialized language used to create scripts. When inserted into a Web page, the scripts control various elements of the page, such as the user interface, styles, and HTML markup. e. Other types of scripting languages available today are Javascript, VBScript, PHP, Perl/CGI, XHTML, XML, ActionScript, AJAX, and jQuery. HTML a. HTML is the lingua franca for publishing hypertext on the WWW. It can be created and processed by a wide range of tools. b. HTML uses tags to structure text into headings, paragraphs, lists, hyperlinks, etc. c. Anything that is enclosed between “” symbols is called a tag. d. HTML also has attributes that define the property of an element. Attributes: Additional properties that can be added to HTML elements to provide extra information or functionality. They are included in the opening tag of an HTML element and consist of a name and a value, separated by an equal sign and enclosed in quotes.  The most commonly used HTML attributes are: id: Specifies a unique identifier for an element. class: Assigns one or more classes to an element, allowing styling or grouping of elements. src: Used in elements like or to specify the URL or path to the image or script file. href: Specifies the URL or location of the linked resource in (anchor) elements. alt: Describes the content of an image in case it can't be displayed. title: Adds a tooltip or advisory information to an element when hovered over. style: Defines inline CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) for an element. data-*: Allows custom data attributes to be added to elements for scripting or styling purposes. Basic HTML Programming 1. Decide how we will write HTML codes. a. HTML by hand- Notepad b. HTML editor- Writes and edits tags automatically 2. Familiarize yourself with HTML tags. a. Start with a title: My first HTML document < > Start tag End tag.html or.htm = File extension b. Add headings and paragraphs: An important heading Six levels of headings: H1 is the most important H2 is slightly less important H6 is the least important This is the first paragraph c. Add a bit of emphasis This is a really interesting topic! d. Add interest to your pages using images. alt=”My friend Peter”> e. Add links to other pages This is a link to Peter’s page The text between the and the is used as the caption for the link. This is a link to f. Use various kinds of lists Unordered list = and Ordered list = and Definition list = and Term Definition Examples: Unordered: