Chapter 30 Nutrition Review Questions

**Chapter 30 Nutrition** **Answers for Review Questions** 1\. The nurse is teaching a patient with diverticulitis about increasing fiber intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? **Answer:** d A high-fiber diet consists of fiber rich-fruits such as bananas, oranges, apples...

**Chapter 30 Nutrition** **Answers for Review Questions** 1\. The nurse is teaching a patient with diverticulitis about increasing fiber intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend? **Answer:** d A high-fiber diet consists of fiber rich-fruits such as bananas, oranges, apples, dark vegetables, whole breads, and grains and nuts. White bread, cream of wheat, and carrots are low in fiber. 1. LO: 30.2 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention. 2\. A patient is prescribed furosemide and is at risk of hypokalemia. Which food choice would be beneficial to manage this potential side effect? **Answer:** b Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can contribute to low potassium levels. Foods high in potassium include bananas, oranges, potatoes, cooked spinach, cooked broccoli, and peas. Applesauce, cauliflower, and blueberries are foods recommended on a low-potassium diet. 1. LO: 30.2 Bloom's: Applying NCLEX Client Needs: Pharmacological Therapies 3\. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse when caring for a patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (hyperalimentation)? (*Select all that apply*.) **Answer:** a, b, e TPN tubing is to be changed every 24 hours and per facility protocol. Glucose is a part of the TPN solution; thus, blood glucose levels are monitored at least every 6 hours. Clients are weighed daily. TPN must be administered through a central venous catheter or peripherally inserted central catheter and must be administered using an infusion pump for safety purposes. TPN is used only when the GI tract cannot be used; thus, an intact GI tract would be a contraindication for TPN use. 1. LO: 30.6 Bloom's: Applying NCLEX Client Needs: Pharmacological Therapies 4\. A patient is a newly diagnosed diabetic. The nurse prioritizes education focused on which of the following nutritional choices? **Answer:** a The body turns carbohydrates into glucose and eating too many carbohydrates can cause the blood glucose levels to elevate. Diabetics should avoid simple sugars. Diabetic diets recommend less than 2500 calories. Sodium intake is not the main focus of a diabetic diet. 1. LO: 30.2 Bloom's: Analyzing NCLEX Client Needs: Reduction of Risk and Potential 5\. The nurse evaluates that nutritional education for a patient on a clear liquid diet has been effective when the patient selects which food item to comply with this order? a\. Pudding b\. Ice cream c\. Chicken broth d\. Rice **Answer:** c Chicken broth is a clear liquid and is easily digestible. Pudding and ice cream are opaque and would be part of a full-liquid diet. Rice is not included in a liquid diet. 1. LO: 30.6 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention. 6\. The nurse instructs a patient with renal failure who is receiving hemodialysis about the type of diet needed to be consumed. The nurse determines that the patient understands the education if the patient selects which diet? a\. High in calories b\. Low in sodium, phosphorus, and protein c\. Low in fiber d\. High in potassium **Answer:** b Clients with kidney problems have difficulty maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. There are challenges with excreting sodium, phosphorus, and protein, as well as potassium. 1. LO: 30.2 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention. 7\. The nurse has placed a nasogastric tube for a patient requiring enteral feeding. The nurse validates placement through pH measurement and using clinical judgment. What gold standard should be used to confirm placement prior to using the tube? a\. Auscultation b\. Presence of bowel sounds c\. X-ray d\. Patient affirmation **Answer:** c The gold standard for confirming tube placement is by x-ray All of the other methods have more room for error and are not recommended. 1. LO: 30.6 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs:Basic Care and Comfort 8\. Which of the following nutrients is most helpful in preventing birth defects and should be taken by women of childbearing age? **Answer:** a Folic acid has been shown to reduce neural tube defects of the brain and spinal cord by more than 70% and is the most recommended nutrient to be taken to prevent birth defects. 1. LO: 30.2 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention. 9\. The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions for a patient on a low-fat diet. The nurse determines that the patient understands the dietary instructions if the patient selects which of the following food choices containing unsaturated fat? **Answer:** d Beef and ice cream are high in saturated fat; hydrogenated oil is high in trans fat. Almonds contain unsaturated fat, which helps to lower LDL cholesterol, reduce inflammation, and build stronger cell membranes in the body. 1. LO: 30.5 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention. 10\. The nurse is instructing the patient in selecting food items that contain common sources of protein in the diet. Which of the following food choices can be included in the teaching as examples? (*Select all that apply*.) **Answer:** a, b, c, e Fish, meat, beans, eggs, milk, almonds, spinach, and avocados are all sources of protein. Apples do not contain protein. LO: 30.1 Bloom's: Understanding NCLEX Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance: Health Promotion/Disease Prevention.