Chapter 22 Health Care Adaptations for the Child and Family PDF

Chapter 22 Health Care Adaptations for the Child and Family Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1  Lesson 22.1 Objectives (1 of 2) 1. Define each key word listed. 2. List five safety measures applicable to the care of the hospitalized child. 3. Il...

Chapter 22 Health Care Adaptations for the Child and Family Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1  Lesson 22.1 Objectives (1 of 2) 1. Define each key word listed. 2. List five safety measures applicable to the care of the hospitalized child. 3. Illustrate techniques of transporting infants and children. 4. Plan the basic daily data collection for hospitalized infants and children. 5. Identify the normal vital signs of infants and children at various ages. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2  Lesson 22.1 Objectives (2 of 2) 6. Devise a nursing care plan for a child with a fever. 7. Discuss the technique of obtaining urine and stool specimens from infants. 8. Position an infant for a lumbar puncture. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3  Admission to the Pediatric Unit— Nursing Responsibilities  Identification  Consents  Safety measures  Procedure preparation  Transporting, positioning, and restraining Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4  Basic Data Collection  Observation  Growth and development  Level of interaction between child and environment  History survey Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5  Physical Survey  Vital signs  Pain  Weight  Height  Head circumference (infants) Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6  Collecting Specimens  Verify physician order.  Obtain lab requisitions, correct containers, and supplies.  Collect specimen.  Label clearly and attach proper forms.  Send to laboratory according to hospital policy.  Record in nurses’ notes and on intake and output record what specimens were obtained and, where appropriate, the amount of output. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7  Lesson 22.2 Objectives (1 of 2) 9. Demonstrate techniques of administering oral, eye, and ear medications to infants and children. 10. Demonstrate proper techniques of assessing vital signs in infants and children 11. Compare the preferred sites for intramuscular injection for infants and adults. 12. Discuss two nursing responsibilities necessary when a child is receiving parenteral fluids and the rationale for each. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8  Lesson 22.2 Objectives (2 of 2) 13.Calculate the safe dosage of a medicine that is in liquid form. 14.Demonstrate the appropriate technique for gastrostomy tube feeding. 15.Summarize the care of a child receiving supplemental oxygen. 16.Recall the principles of tracheostomy care. 17.List the adaptations necessary when preparing a pediatric patient for surgery. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9  Medications in Infants and Children  Age is the most important variable in predicting response to any drug therapy  Absorption  Metabolism  Excretion Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10  Nursing Responsibilities in Administering Medications to Infants and Children  Observe for toxic symptoms.  Safe dose should be calculated before administration.  Administration  Oral  Parenteral  Intravenous  TPN Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Medication Safety Alert!: Preventing Medication Errors  Six rights of medication administration  Patient  Drug  Dose  Time  Route  Documentation Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Factors to Consider for Pediatric IVs  Developmental characteristics  Site where IV is to be inserted  Preparation of child  Family Involvement  Related nursing actions  Protection of IV site  Mobility considerations  Safety needs Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13  Preventing Drug Interactions  Selected drug–environment interactions  Phototoxicity  Selected drug–drug interactions  Phenytoin (Dilantin) and antacid  Selected drug–food interactions  Iron supplement and egg yolks Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 Nutrition, Digestion, and Elimination  Gavage feeding  Gastrostomy  Enema Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15  Respiration  Tracheostomy care  Indications for suctioning  Complications  Signs and symptoms to monitor for  Oxygen therapy  Airway obstruction Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Preoperative and Postoperative Care  Preoperative  Children require both physical and psychological preparation at their level of understanding.  Clarify any misunderstandings the child may have.  Infants should not be maintained on NPO status for longer than 4 to 6 hours; provide a pacifier to assist in meeting developmental need for sucking.  Postoperative  Nursing interventions are aimed at assisting the child to master a threatening situation and minimize physical and psychological complications. Copyright © 2019, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17