Health Care Adaptations for the Child and Family

Chapter 22: Health Care Adaptations for the Child and Family

• Chapter covers health care adaptations for children and families.
• Lesson 22.1 Objectives (1 of 2):
  • Define key words related to pediatric care.
  • List five safety measures for hospitalized children.
  • Illustrate techniques for transporting infants and children.
  • Plan basic daily data collection for hospitalized infants and children.
  • Identify normal vital signs for infants and children at different ages.
• Lesson 22.1 Objectives (2 of 2):
  • Develop a nursing care plan for a child with a fever.
  • Explain techniques for collecting urine and stool specimens from infants.
  • Describe positioning an infant for a lumbar puncture.
• Admission to the Pediatric Unit - Nursing Responsibilities:
  • Identification of the patient.
  • Obtaining informed consents.
  • Implementing safety measures.
  • Preparing for procedures.
  • Transporting, positioning, and restraining.
• Basic Data Collection:
  • Observation of the child.
  • Assessing growth and development.
  • Evaluating the child's interaction with the environment.
  • Gathering a complete history.
• Physical Survey:
  • Assessing vital signs.
  • Evaluating pain levels.
  • Measuring height and weight.
  • Recording head circumference (infants).
• Collecting Specimens:
  • Verifying physician orders.
  • Obtaining necessary lab requisitions, containers, and supplies.
  • Collecting specimens properly.
  • Labeling specimens correctly.
  • Sending specimens to the lab according to hospital policy.
  • Recording specimen collection and output in the nurses' notes and intake/output record.
• Lesson 22.2 Objectives (1 of 2):
  • Demonstrate administering oral, eye, and ear medications to infants and children.
  • Demonstrate assessing vital signs in infants and children.
  • Compare preferred intramuscular injection sites for infants and adults.
  • Discuss two necessary nursing responsibilities for children receiving parenteral fluids, and their rationales.
• Lesson 22.2 Objectives (2 of 2):
  • Calculate safe dosages for liquid medications.
  • Demonstrate gastrostomy tube feeding techniques.
  • Summarize care for children receiving supplemental oxygen.
  • Explain tracheostomy care principles.
  • List adaptations necessary for preparing pediatric patients for surgery.
• Medications in Infants and Children:
  • Age is the most crucial factor determining response to medication.
  • Factors impacting medication administration include absorption, metabolism, and excretion.
• Nursing Responsibilities in Administering Medications to Infants and Children:
  • Observe for toxic effects.
  • Calculate safe dosages before administration.
  • Administer medications via oral, parenteral routes (including intravenous and TPN).
• Medication Safety Alert!: Preventing Medication Errors:
  • Adhering to the "Six Rights" of medication administration is essential. The six rights include the "Right" patient, "Right" drug, "Right" dose, "Right" time, "Right" route, and "Right" documentation.
• Factors to Consider for Pediatric IVs:
  • Developmental characteristics.
  • IV insertion site selection.
  • Preparation of the child.
  • Family involvement.
  • Related nursing actions.
  • Protection of the IV site.
  • Mobility considerations.
  • Safety needs.
• Preventing Drug Interactions:
  • Understand selected drug-environment interactions (e.g., phototoxicity).
  • Recognize selected drug-drug interactions (e.g., phenytoin and antacids).
  • Identify selected drug-food interactions (e.g., iron supplements and egg yolks).
• Nutrition, Digestion, and Elimination:
  • Gavage feeding.
  • Gastrostomy feeding.
  • Enemas.
• Respiration:
  • Tracheostomy care.
  • Indications for suctioning.
  • Complications.
  • Signs and symptoms to monitor for.
  • Oxygen therapy.
  • Airway obstruction.
• Preoperative and Postoperative Care:
  • Preoperative: children need physical and psychological preparation, tailored to their understanding; clarify misunderstandings; infants shouldn't be NPO for longer than 4-6 hrs; provide pacifiers to support sucking needs.
  • Postoperative: nursing interventions are aimed at helping the child manage the situation and minimize physical and psychological complications.

This quiz focuses on Chapter 22, which discusses essential health care adaptations for pediatric patients and their families. You'll explore key concepts, safety measures, and nursing responsibilities necessary for effectively caring for children in health care settings. Prepare to enhance your understanding of pediatric care practices and nursing care planning.