Discovering Computers, Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers PDF

Discovering Computers Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize Recognizethe theimportance importanceof of computer computerliteracy...

Discovering Computers Chapter 1 Introduction to Computers Chapter 1 Objectives Recognize Recognizethe theimportance importanceof of computer computerliteracy literacy Distinguish Distinguishbetween betweensystem systemsoftware software and andapplication applicationsoftware software Define Definethe theterm, term,computer computer Describe Describethe thecategories categoriesof ofcomputers computers Identify Identifythe thecomponents components of ofaacomputer computer Identify Identifythe theelements elementsof of an aninformation informationsystem system Discuss Discussthe theadvantages advantagesand and disadvantages disadvantagesof ofusing usingcomputers computers Describe Describethe thevarious varioustypes types of ofcomputer computerusers users Recognize Recognizethe thepurpose purposeof ofaanetwork network Discuss Discussvarious variouscomputer computer applications applicationsin insociety society Discuss Discussthe theuses usesof ofthe theInternet Internetand and World WorldWide WideWebWeb Next  A World of Computers What is computer literacy?  Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses  Computers are everywhere p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next  What Is a Computer? How is a computer defined?  Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory Processes data into Accepts data information Raw facts, figures, and Data that is organized, symbols meaningful, and useful Produces and stores results p. 6 Next  What Is a Computer? What is the information processing cycle?  Input  Process  Output  Storage  Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next  The Components of a Computer What is an input device?  Hardware used to enter data and instructions Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7 Fig. 1-3 Next  The Components of a Computer What is an output device?  Hardware that conveys information to one or more people Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3 Next  The Components of a Computer What is the system unit?  Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data What are two main components on the motherboard? Processor Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 7 - 8 Fig. 1-3 Next  The Components of a Computer What is storage?  Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage Storagemedia media Physical Physicalmaterial materialon onwhich whichdata, data,instructions, instructions, and andinformation informationare arestored stored Storage Storagedevice device Records Recordsand andretrieves retrievesitems itemstotoand andfrom from storage storagemedia media p. 8 Next  The Components of a Computer What is a USB flash drive? Portable Portablestorage storagedevice device Small Smalland andlightweight lightweightenough enough to tobe betransported transportedononaakeychain keychain or orin inaapocket pocket The Theaverage averageUSBUSBflash flashdrive drive can canhold holdabout about500 500million million characters characters p. 8 Next  The Components of a Computer What is a hard disk?  Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive  Most are housed inside the system unit What is a compact disc?  Flat, round, portable metal disc  CD-ROM  DVD-ROM p. 8 Fig. 1-4, p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next  The Components of a Computer What is a communications device? Hardware Hardwarecomponent componentthatthat enables enablesaacomputer computerto to send sendand andreceive receivedata, data,instructions, instructions, and andinformation information Occurs Occursover overcables, cables,telephone telephone lines, lines,cellular cellularradio radionetworks, networks, satellites, satellites,and andother other transmission transmissionmedia media Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 p. 9 Next  Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers What are the advantages of using computers? Speed Reliability Communications Consistency Storage What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation of Impact on Public Safety Privacy Labor Force Impact on Health Risks Environment p. 10.11 Next  Networks and the Internet What is a network?  Collection of computers and devices connected together Used Usedto toshare share Resources Resources Hardware Hardware devices devices Software Software programs programs Saves Saves Data Data time time Information Information and and money money p. 11 Next  Networks and the Internet What is a server?  A server controls access to resources on a network  Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Next  Networks and the Internet What is the Internet?  Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Internet below Chapter 1 p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next  Networks and the Internet Why do users access the Internet? 1. Communications 2. Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music 8. Share Information p. 12 - 13 Fig. 1-8 Next  Networks and the Internet What is the Web?  Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet You Youcan canshare share AApodcast podcastisis AAWeb siteisis Website information informationononaasocial social recorded recordedaudio audio aacollection collectionofof networking networkingWeb siteor Website or stored storedononaaWeb Website site related relatedWeb Webpages pages aaphoto photosharing sharing that thatcan canbe be community community downloaded downloaded AAWeb pagecontains Webpage contains AAblog blogconsists consistsof oftime- time- text, text,graphics, graphics,audio, audio, stamped stampedarticles articlesinin video, video,and andlinks linkstoto Click to view aajournal journalformat format Web Link, other otherWeb Webpages pages click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Social Networking Web Sites below Chapter 1 p. 12 - 14 Next  Computer Software What is software? Consists Consistsofofaaseries series of ofinstructions instructionsthat that Also Alsocalled calledaa tells tellsthe thecomputer computer program program what whattotodo doand and how howtotodo doitit p. 15 Next  Computer Software What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?  Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons  Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information p. 15 Fig. 1-10 Next  Computer Software What is system software?  Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating OperatingSystem System(OS) (OS) isisaaset setof ofprograms programs that thatcoordinates coordinatesall all activities activitiesamong among computer Utility UtilityPrograms Programsallow allowthe theuser usertoto computerhardware hardware perform devices devices performmaintenance-type maintenance-typetasks tasks usually usuallyrelated relatedtotomanaging managingaa computer, computer,its itsdevices devicesor orits itsprograms programs p. 15-16 Next  Computer Software What is application software?  Programs designed to make users more productive Word Spreadsheet Processing Presentation Database Graphics Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 p. 16 Fig. 1-11 Next  Computer Software How do you install and run programs? Step 1: INSTALL When you insert a greeting card program disc in the CD drive for the first time, the computer begins the procedure of installing the greeting card program on the hard disk. Step 3: USE Step 2: RUN The greeting card program Once installed, you can executes. Using this program, instruct the computer to run you can create custom greeting the greeting card program. cards. The computer transfers instructions from the hard disk to memory. p. 17 Fig. 1-12 Next  Computer Software JavaScript What is a programmer?  Someone who develops application or system software  Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information Web application p. 18 Fig. 1-13 Next  Categories of Computers What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19 Next  Personal Computers What are the two most popular styles of personal computers?  PC and compatibles  Apple Macintosh use the Windows usually uses the operating system Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X) Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 p. 19 Figs. 1-15–1-16 Next  Personal Computers What is a desktop computer?  Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15 Next  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a notebook computer?  Portable, small enough to fit on your lap  Also called a laptop computer  Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities What is a Tablet PC?  Resembles a letter-sized slate  Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen  Especially useful for taking notes p. 20 Fig. 1-17, p. 21 Fig. 1-18 Next  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What are mobile devices? Small Internet-enabled Internet-enabled Smallenough enoughto to telephone carry carryin inaapocket pocket telephoneisisaa “smart “smartphone” phone” What is a handheld computer? Small Used by mobile enough to fit employees such as in one meter readers and hand delivery people p. 21 – 22, Fig. 1-19 Next  Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?  Provides personal organizer functions  Calendar  Appointment book  Address book  Calculator  Notepad What are smart phones? A smart phone is an Internet-enabled telephone that usually provides PDA capabilities p. 21 Fig. 1-20 Next p. 22 Fig. 1-21  Game Consoles What are game consoles? Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games p. 22 Fig. 1-22 Next  Servers What types of servers are there? A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 23 Figs. 1-23 – 1-25 Next  Embedded Computers What is an embedded computer?  A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig. 1-26 Next  Elements of an Information System What are information system elements?  Hardware  Software  Data  People  Procedures p. 25 Fig. 1-27 Next  Examples of Computer Usage What software is available for a home user?  Personal finance management  Web access  Communications  Entertainment What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?  Productivity software  Specialty software  Web usage  E-mail Next p. 26 Fig. 1-28  Examples of Computer Usage What is available for a mobile user?  Hardware  Notebook computers  Tablet PCs  Internet-enabled PDAs  Smart phones  Software  Word processing  Spreadsheet  Presentation graphics software p. 29 Fig. 1-31 Next  Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of a power user?  Speed and large amounts of storage  Types of power users  Engineers  Scientists  Architects  Desktop publishers  Graphic artists p. 29 Fig. 1-32 Next  Examples of Computer Usage What are the needs of the large business user?  Payroll  Inventory  E-commerce  Desktop publishing p. 30 Figs. 1-33 Next  Computer Applications in Society What are some examples of computer applications in society?  Education  Finance  Government  Health Care  Science  Publishing  Travel  Manufacturing Click to view Web Link, click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Handheld Navigation Devices below Chapter 1 p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43 Next  Summary of Introduction to Computers Basic Basiccomputer computerconcepts concepts The Theuses usesof ofthe theInternet Internet The Theterm, term,computer computer Computer Computersoftware software The Thecomponents componentsof ofaacomputer computer Categories Categoriesof ofcomputers computers The Theadvantages advantagesand anddisadvantages disadvantagesof of Types using Typesof ofcomputer computerusers users usingcomputers computers The Thepurpose purposeof ofaanetwork network Computer Computerapplications applicationsin insociety society Chapter 1 Complete