Personality And Values PDF

PERSONALITY AND VALUES Reaction Paper: The Devil Wears Prada  Describe the emotions and moods of the two main characters of the movie.  How their emotions and moods affect their work performance.  Define personality, describe how it is measured, and explain the factors that determine an...

PERSONALITY AND VALUES Reaction Paper: The Devil Wears Prada  Describe the emotions and moods of the two main characters of the movie.  How their emotions and moods affect their work performance.  Define personality, describe how it is measured, and explain the factors that determine an individual’s personality.  Describe the personality of the two main characters according to Myers-Brigss Type indicator personality framework and assess its strengths and weaknesses Objectives:  Define personality, describe how it is measured, and explain the factors that determine an individual’s personality.  Describe the Myers-Brigss Type indicator personality framework and assess its strengths and weaknesses  Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model and demonstrate how the Big Five traits predict behavior at work  Identify other personality traits to OB  Define values, demonstrate the importance of values and contrast terminal instrumental values.  Identify Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture. What is Personality?  Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others –described in terms of measurable.  Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment. Measuring Personality through:  Self-reports surveys such as evaluating themselves on a series of factors, which is inaccurate due to falsehoods, impression management, or the momentary emotional state of the candidate. Personality Determinants  Heredity refers to factors determined at conception – physical structure, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms  Aging and personality. As people grow older, their personalities change  Personality traits are characteristics that describe an individual’s behavior that are exhibited in a large number of situations What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) This is the widely used instrument to determine personality type. Four Classification Scales: 1. Extraverted vs. Introverted (E or I). Extraverted people are more outgoing, social and assertive while Introverted people are quiet and shy. 2. Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N). Sensing individuals are practical, enjoy order and are detail oriented. Intuitive people are more “big picture” oriented and rely on “gut” feelings. 3. Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F). Thinkers use reason and logic while feelers use emotions and their own personal values when making decisions. 4. Judging vs. Perceiving (J or P). Judgers are control- oriented and enjoy structure and order. Perceivers are more flexible and spontaneous.  The Big Five Model 1. Extraversion. Deals with the comfort level with relationships. The person is more gregarious, assertive, and sociable and the opposite is an introvert who tends to be reserved, timid and quiet. 2. Agreeableness. Measures deference towards others. The person is more cooperative, warm, and trusting and the opposite is cold, disagreeable and antagonistic. 3. Conscientiousness. Measures reliability. The person is responsible, organized, dependable and persistent. The opposite is easily 4. Emotional Stability (or Neuroticism –its opposite). Measures ability to handle stress. People with high emotional stability tend to become, self-confident, and secure and often have higher life and job satisfaction. People with low emotional stability tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed and insecure. Yet, surprisingly low-scoring people make better and faster decisions when in bad mood than do stable people. 5. Openness to Experience. Measures the range of interest and fascination with novelty, a proxy for creativity. People who score high on this factor deal better with organizational change and are more adaptable. How do the Big Five traits predict behavior at work?  People who scored high on conscientiousness exam are found to be more persistent, attention to details and sets high standards. They are the performers in the organizations.  People who score high on emotional stability are happier.  Extraverts have relatively strong predictor of leadership. One downside is they are more impulsive. How do the Big Five traits predict behavior at work?  Those who scored high in openness are more creative. Open people are more likely to be effective leaders.  Agreeable people tend to be better in interpersonal oriented jobs such as customer service but they are poor negotiator (especially earnings) because they are so concerned with pleasing others that they often don’t negotiate as much for themselves as they might. Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB 1. Core Self-Evaluation 2. Machiavellianism 3. Narcissism 4. Self-Monitoring 5. Risk-Taking 6. Type A Personality 7. Type B Personality 8. Proactive Personality Values  Valuesrepresent basic convictions that “a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end- state of existence.” The importance of values  Values lay the foundation for understanding people’s attitudes, motivation, and behavior. Values Classification  Terminal values – focuses on desirable end- states; goals a person would like to achieve.-happiness, love, freedom, knowledge, health  Attaining self-respect, true friendship, family security, equality  Instrumental values – lists preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving terminal values.- polite, obedient, self-control, loving, courageous, clean, honest, forgiving, intellectual, ambitious, capable, cheerful, responsible Linking Personality and Values to the Workplace  Person-Job Fit ex. INFP – professors, artists, writers; ESTJ – managers, organizers ; ENTJ – lawyers, judge, accountant  Person-Organization Fit Two main frameworks can be used to assess cultures 1. Hofstede’s framework examines five value dimensions of national culture. 2. The GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) framework uses nine dimensions of national culture. Hofstede’s framework 1. Power Distance. The degree to which people accept that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. 2. Individualism/collectivism. The amount of emphasis placed on the individual as opposed to the group. 3. Masculinity/Feminity. The value a culture places on traditional gender roles. Hofstede’s framework 4. Uncertainty Avoidance. The degree to which people in a culture prefer structured over unstructured situation 5. Long-Term / Short-Term Orientation. Degree of long-term devotion to traditional values. The GLOBE Framework 1. Assertiveness 2. Future Orientation 3. Gender Differentiation 4. Uncertainty Avoidance 5. Power Distance 6. Individualism/Collectivism 7. In-Group Collectivism 8. Performance Orientation 9. Humane Orientation Implications for Managers  Personality. Managers need to evaluate the job, the work group, and the organization in order to determine what the optimum Big Five personality type would be for a new employee. The MBTI could be helpful in training and development.  Values. Values strongly influence attitudes, behaviors and perceptions, so knowing a person’s values may help improve prediction of behavior.  Matching values to organizational culture can result in positive organizational outcomes. Keep in Mind: 1. Personality – the sum total of ways in which a person reacts to and interacts with others. Measured easily. 2. Big Five Personality Traits may be very useful in predicting behavior. 3. Values vary between and within cultures. Seat work: 1. Describe the Myers-Brigs Type Indicator? Based on the framework, what would you think was your personality type? Why? 2. Identify and describe the five traits of the Big Five personality model. 3. Define values and what are its two attributes? 4. Compare and contrast Hofstede’s and GLOBE’s national culture frameworks.