CHAP 3 PURP COMM.pptx

LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS CHAPTER 3  COMMUNICATION is guided by CULTURE AND CONTEXT  is manifested in our actions  brings a better understanding and affects how we tell the about culture in gene...

LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS CHAPTER 3  COMMUNICATION is guided by CULTURE AND CONTEXT  is manifested in our actions  brings a better understanding and affects how we tell the about culture in general and world who we are and what our own culture in particular we believe in  anything that refers to the  the basis for how we behave stimuli, environment, or in a certain communication ambience surrounding an context event (Edward T. Hall)  LOCAL COMMUNICATION is highly grounded on the cultural context. This context of communication reflects the culture of people who are creating their self- identity and community.  GLOBAL COMMUNICATION has turned to be a modifying factor of local communication. It attempts to bring changes that affect communication conventions. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION  a discipline that focuses on how culture affects communication  the ability to understand and value cultural differences  LANGUAGE is a component that is linked to intercultural understanding. Enhancing oral and written communication in intercultural environments is a way to achieving intercultural competence. GRICE’S PRINCIPLE OF COOPERATIVE CONVERSATION 1. MAXIM OF RELATION 2. MAXIM OF QUANTITY 3. MAXIM OF QUALITY 4. MAXIM MANNER  MAXIM OF RELATION every interlocutor should be relevant in a conversation, requiring them to respond based on cultural and contextual requirements.  MAXIM OF QUANTITY every interlocutor should observe a “fair- share-talk of time.”  MAXIM OF QUALITY the truth value of a message should be held primary in a conversation. The accuracy of the message should always be upheld. It should not go beyond what is true nor deduced in its essence.  MAXIM OF MANNER the manner of saying a word is more regarded than its content.  MODES OF COMMUNICATION LANGUAGE & BODY LANGUAGE Words, greetings and is a form of non-verbal expressions are based on culture communication in which and context movements of the body communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with speech. SHAKING HANDS Philippines and America Saudi Arabia (women)  OK America and England SIGN Brazil, Latin American countries, Austria, France THUMBS UP America, England and Philippines Americas excluding USA SITTING WITH CROSSED LEGS North America and European countries Asia and Middle East EYE CONTACT It is usually considered as a positive aspect of body language NODDING THE HEAD Usually signifies agreement Greeks and Bulgarians TUGGING THE EARLOBES Portuguese = tasty food Spaniards = drinks Italy = sexual inuendos POINTING USING THE LIPS Filipinos, Puerto Rican, Native and Latin American Other Asians BROAD ARM MOVEMENT Italians and in the USA Northern Europeans and Japanese  The ABC's of Intercultural Communication Communication is complex because of the cultural and contextual factors embedded in it It is also challenging due to the many ways in which communication can vary between cultures as well as individuals plus the requirements needed by an individual to satisfy the conversational conventions  The ABC's of Intercultural Communication Although effective communication is hard to achieve because of these considerations, good communication is attainable. Lewis (2008) provided the following abc’s of intercultural communication.  The ABC's of Intercultural Communication Acknowledge Every person in a group has a particular communication style which gives her/his own identity in communicating. Anticipating awareness in differences will increase awareness of uniqueness.  The ABC's of Intercultural Communication Bi-level Communication does not only uphold speaking and listening but also require a holistic process that includes verbal and non-verbal channels. Non-verbal communication is critical in the communication process due to its cultural nuances. It may vary from one culture to another.  The ABC's of Intercultural Communication clarify If you are doubtful of your understanding about what is being communicated, ask for clarification. Devote a little extra time to verify understanding so that you can save time and avoid frustration.  CULTURAL COMMUNICATION Barriers Sometimes, the goal of communication is not achieved due to communication barriers brought by culture. BARRIERS give difficulty in understanding people, whose language is different, and evidently challenge people who are trying to work harmoniously with others of a different background.  Language barrier It is evidently the primary barrier of communication in second and foreign language contexts. Because of its complexity, communication between people speaking different languages is difficult.  Hostile stereotypes Stereotypes are generalizations or assumptions people make about the characteristics of members of a group, based on an image about what people in that group are like.  Behavior differences Difference of behavior between different cultures can cause misunderstandings. Every culture has its norm about what is regarded as appropriate behavior.  Emotional display Different cultures have varying regard on emotional display. What is considered appropriate display of emotion in one culture may not be appropriate in another culture.  Enhancing oral communication in multicultural settings 1. Learn foreign phrases. 2. Use simple English. 3. Speak slowly and enunciate clearly. 4. Observe eye messages. 5. Encourage accurate feedback. 6. Check frequently for comprehension. 7. Accept blame. 8. Listen without interrupting. 9. Smile when appropriate. 10.Follow up in writing.  developing written communication to multicultural audiences 1. Consider local styles. 2. Observe titles and status. 3. Use short sentences and paragraphs. 4. Avoid ambiguous expressions. 5. Strive for clarity. 6. Use correct grammar. 7. Cite numbers carefully. 8. Accommodate the reader in organization, tone, and style. Ambiguous expressions Idioms and figurative clichés This form of language uses words and expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation. examples: beat the clock — to do something before the deadline do the dirty work—to do the disagreeable, illegal, dishonest things labor of love — a work that brings you great pleasure go with the flow — to do what people do and accept things as they are bend the law or bend the rules — to cheat a little bit without breaking the law Ambiguous expressions slang It is a shortcut or highly colloquial word that suggests excessive informality and lack of appreciation in the workplace setting examples: gonna — going to wanna — want to Cover your ass. — Protect yourself from possible criticism. What you see is what you get. — There is nothing hidden. Okay, all right Ambiguous expressions acronym It is formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word. examples: LAM — leave a message IMO — in my opinion AKA — also known as AWOL — absent without leave ASAP — as soon as possible Ambiguous expressions abbreviation It is a short form of a lengthy expression. examples: Acct – account recd – received w/o – without fwd – forward ad – advertisement Ambiguous expressions jargon It is a type of language that is used in a particular occupation, often words are meaningless outside a certain context. examples: bang for the buck — a business jargon for getting the most for your money helicopter view — an overview of a job or a project desk job — a job that is typically confined to duties from a desk end-user perspective — what the customer thinks about a product or service cubicle farm — a section of the office that contains worker’s cubicles