CHAP 19_1 Blood Funct Components.ppt

PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Sixteenth Edition Gerard Tortora and Bryan Derrickson CHAPTER 19 Power Point 1 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood  LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Explain the functions of blood in the human body  List and describe...

PRINCIPLES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Sixteenth Edition Gerard Tortora and Bryan Derrickson CHAPTER 19 Power Point 1 The Cardiovascular System: The Blood  LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Explain the functions of blood in the human body  List and describe the components of blood  Describe and identify plasma protein abundances and general functions  Define hemopoiesis/hematopoiesis; erythropoiesis, leukopoiesis, thrombopoiesis  List hematopoietic locations (organs/tissues), different human developmental stages; distinguish between red and yellow marrow  Distinguish between multipotent (pleuripotent) stem cells, progenitor/committed stem cells, blasts, and mature cells  State the cell lines of myeloid and lymphoid stem cells  WHAT IS HEMATOLOGY? The study of blood in health and disease; concerned mainly with the formed elements in the blood. Formed elements = cells and cell fragments:  Leukocytes – neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils monocytes, lymphocytes  Erythrocytes – red blood cells  Thrombocytes – platelets (cell fragments)  All formed elements in the blood are derived from stem cells in the bone marrow;  Includes problems with RBCs, WBCs, platelets, blood vessels, and proteins involved in bleeding and clotting (hemostasis and thrombosis)  Hematologist/Oncologist Salaries The nationwide median income for this field is $481,250, according to Medical Group Management Association (MGMA) report from 2021 The pay range given goes from $328,540 all the way up to $810,850.  3 GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD Move the terms below to the area of the functions on the left 11. CO2 TRANSPORTATION 12. O2 5. Calcium 7. Glucose 9. Waste products 13. Hormones REGULATION 10. pH 1. Water content of cells 3. Heat 4. Homeostasis PROTECTION 6. Hemostasis 2. Coagulation 8. Antibodies  BLOOD IS A CONNECTIVE TISSUE  Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells surrounded by a liquid matrix (plasma) a.k.a. extracellular matrix The cellular components (formed elements) of blood include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets The plasma portion of blood consists of water, 6 proteins, and other solutes  BLOOD COMPONENTS NOTE – the specific percentages values for:  Plasma:  Formed elements: NOTE - Constituents of the Buffy Coat: Blood volume: Males : 5-6 L 5L = 6 quarts Females : 4-5 L COMPONENTS OF This table is GREAT 1-Stop BLOOD Shopping  DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PLASMA AND SERUM  Clinical Uses of Plasma: Treating patients who have lost a lot of blood, and in turn, plasma, either during a medical procedure, a severe accident, or as a result of a disease (e.g. hemophila)  Clinical Uses of Serum: Human serum is widely used in blood research and analysis as well as diagnostics and therapeutic purposes. Other animal sera are used as antivenoms, antitoxins, and vaccinations.  Immunotherapy such as hepatitis B, rabies and varicella–zoster virus, Antivenoms are created by immunizing horses or sheep with the venom of a particular snake. Their blood serum (the watery part of the blood) is then processed, as it will contain antibodies capable of neutralizing the effects of venom. There are antivenoms that treat bites from a specific type of snake (monospecific antivenoms) and also those that treat bites from a number of snakes found in a particular geographic region (polyspecific antivenoms). The antivenom will be given either in an injection or through an IV (through a needle in the arm), so that it can take action as quickly as possible. Snake Bite: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment (cleve landclinic.org)  SUBSTANCES IN BLOOD Do PLASMA not memorize this table in its entirety, focus on key words that you can use to identify important aspects of each constituent Constituent Description Function Water (92%) Liquid portion of blood. Solvent and suspending medium. Absorbs, transports, and releases heat. Plasma Most produced by liver. Responsible for colloid osmotic pressure. proteins Major contributors to blood viscosity. (7%) Transport hormones (steroid), fatty acids, and calcium. Help regulate blood pH.  Albumins Smallest and most 2 JOBS: Main function is to help numerous plasma maintain colloid osmotic pressure, an proteins. important factor in the exchange of fluids across blood capillary walls; also transports (Na+, K+, Ca2+, hormones, bilirubin, pharmaceuticals)  Globulins Large proteins (plasma 2 JOBS:  (gamma globulins) cells produce Immunoglobulins = antibodies - help immunoglobulins). attack viruses and bacteria Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  (alpha and beta globulins) - 11 transporters,  Large protein. Plays essential role in blood clotting.  SUBSTANCES IN BLOOD PLASMA Constituent Description Function Other solutes (1.5%) Electrolytes Inorganic salts; positively Help maintain osmotic pressure and play charged (cations) Na+, essential roles in cell functions. K+, Ca2+, Mg2+; negatively charged (anions) CI−, HPO42−, SO42−, HCO3−. Nutrients Products of digestion, Essential roles in cell functions, growth, such as amino acids, and development. glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, vitamins, and minerals. Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 12  SUBSTANCES IN BLOOD PLASMA Constituent Description Function Gases Oxygen (O2) Important in many cellular functions. Carbon dioxide (C O2) Involved in the regulation of blood pH. Nitrogen (N2) No known function. Regulatory Enzymes Catalyze chemical reactions. substance s Hormones Regulate metabolism, growth, and development. Vitamins Cofactors for enzymatic reactions. Waste Urea, uric acid, creatine, Most are breakdown products of products creatinine, bilirubin, protein metabolism that are carried by ammonia the blood to organs of excretion. Copyright ©2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13 FORMED ELEMENTS IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR