Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future PDF

Because learning changes everything. ® Chapter Fifteen Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future Copyright ©2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Chapter Ou...

Because learning changes everything. ® Chapter Fifteen Health Psychology: Challenges for the Future Copyright ©2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.  Chapter Outline Health promotion. Stress and its management. Health services. Management of serious illness. Trends in health and health psychology. Becoming a health psychologist. © McGraw Hill 2  Prevention of Poor Health Habits Behavioral immunization: Educational programs delivered before or during windows of vulnerability. Programs already developed for smoking, drug abuse, and diet and eating disorders. Parents should be taught to: Reduce the risks of accidents at home. Practice good safety habits in automobiles. Instill good health habits in their children. © McGraw Hill 3  A Focus on Older Adults Interventions should emphasize: Diet. Exercise. Control of alcohol consumption. Other health habits. © McGraw Hill 4  Refocusing Health Promotion Efforts Reasons for refocusing toward morbidity. Chronic diseases are expensive to treat. To produce a higher quality of life. Priorities for the future are too address: More than one behavioral risk factor at a time. Maintenance of behavior change. Broader environmental and health policies that support and sustain individual efforts. © McGraw Hill 5  Promoting Resilience Focusing on the positive factors that reduce morbidity or delay mortality. Enhancing people’s abilities to attract and maintain social support. Studying how people: Spontaneously reduce stress. Seek out opportunities for rest, renewal, and relaxation. © McGraw Hill 6  Health Promotion and Medical Practice Imperative to work towards a health care system that is oriented toward health promotion. Needed: Diagnostic process for identifying and targeting preventive health behaviors. Doctors to highlight attainable health goals and provide motivation for taking action toward these. © McGraw Hill 7  Health Disparities 1 Risk factors tied to low S E S. Alcohol consumption and tobacco use. High levels of lipids and obesity. Fewer psychosocial resources. Higher rates of chronic illness. Low birth weight babies. Infant mortality. Higher risk of accidents. © McGraw Hill 8  Health Disparities 2 There are racial and ethnic differences in health. SES and ethnic differences have an impact in the delivery of medical treatment. Gender. Women are not included as research subjects in studies of many major diseases. Stress takes a particular toll on women. © McGraw Hill 9  Stress Research Research on the neurophysiology of stress will help our understanding of how stress exerts adverse effects on health. Social support can buffer stress. Reduces social isolation. Promotes the benefits of social ties. Alleviates factors that promote toxic social ties. Ensures people who need help are getting it. © McGraw Hill 10  Problems in the Health Care System Very expensive. Inequitable system. Inappropriate use of services. © McGraw Hill 11  Health Services: Building Better Consumers Health psychologists should help create responsible and informed consumers. Patients should partner with health care practitioners and deal with their disorders. Health services accommodating the poor should be developed. © McGraw Hill 12  Management of Serious Illness Chronic illness is a major health problem. Programs are needed to help patients deal with problems posed by chronic illness. Systematically coordinated. Widely available. © McGraw Hill 13  Quality of Life Assessment Role of health psychologists. Developing cost effective interventions to improve quality of life. Being aware of complementary and alternative medicine and developing interventions that address the psychological needs met by such treatments. Addressing ethical issues surrounding death and dying. © McGraw Hill 14  Impact of Technology Contributed to the enormous costs of contemporary medicine. To reduce patients’ fear: Explain the purpose of a technology. Use control enhancing interventions. Advances in the decision sciences help improve health care decision making. © McGraw Hill 15  Comprehensive Intervention Models 1 Pain management programs. Individual regimens are developed for each patient. Hospice. Palliative management and psychotherapeutic technologies are available to the dying patient. Coordinated residential and outpatient rehabilitation programs. Multiple health habits are dealt with simultaneously. © McGraw Hill 16  Figure 15.3: Continuum of Care and Types and Levels of Intervention Source: Abrams, D. B., C. T. Orleans, R. S. Niaura, M. G. Goldstein, J. O. Prochaska, and W. Velicer. “Integrating Individual and Public Health Perspectives for Treatment of Tobacco Dependence Under Managed Health Care: A Combined Stepped-Care and Matching Model.” Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 18, no. 4 (Spring 1996): 290–304. Access the text alternative for slide images. © McGraw Hill 17  Becoming a Health Psychologist 1 Undergraduate experience. Take as many health psychology courses as possible. Develop knowledge about the biological bases of behavior. Get involved in research assistantship, internship, or volunteer work. Gain practical, hands-on field experience. © McGraw Hill 18  Becoming a Health Psychologist 2 Graduate experience. Decide whether to pursue research, clinical practice, or both. Apply to programs that pertain to your field. Take courses in research methodology and statistics. Gain practical experience. Try for a field setting in a health maintenance organization. Complete a major research project for your dissertation. Take licensure exams and get licensed to practice. © McGraw Hill 19  Becoming a Health Psychologist 3 Postgraduate work. Identifying the gaps in one’s training reveals what type of postdoctoral training to opt for. Postdoctoral training is undertaken at a laboratory under the guidance of a senior scientist. © McGraw Hill 20  Becoming a Health Psychologist 4 Employment. Academic positions. Working with medical patients in a hospital or other treatment settings. Private practice. Consultants to a workplace. Working with governmental agencies. Advisors for health care services. © McGraw Hill 21  End of Main Content Because learning changes everything. ® www.mheducation.com Copyright ©2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.