Ch.6 PLOs MCQs PDF

Question 1: Which of the following best describes the process of induction in second-language learning? A) Learning a language through explicit explanation of rules in the learner's first language. B) Self-discovery of grammatical rules by analyzing language exposure. C) Memorizing vocabulary and ph...

Question 1: Which of the following best describes the process of induction in second-language learning? A) Learning a language through explicit explanation of rules in the learner's first language. B) Self-discovery of grammatical rules by analyzing language exposure. C) Memorizing vocabulary and phrases through repetition. D) Improving pronunciation through practice of motor skills. Answer: B) Self-discovery of grammatical rules by analyzing language exposure. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 (List the major processes and issues involved in speech perception, word recognition, sentence processing, text interpretation, and reading and first/ second language acquisition.) Question 2: In second-language acquisition, which age group typically has the highest capacity for rote memorization important for vocabulary learning? A) Children under 7 years old. B) Children between 7 and 12 years old. C) Adolescents between 13 and 18 years old. D) Adults over 18 years old. Answer: A) Children under 7 years old. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 3: According to the chapter, why might adults find it challenging to achieve native-like pronunciation in a second language? A) Adults have less motivation to learn new languages. B) Decline in motor skills affecting control of speech articulators after age 12. C) Adults have insufficient exposure to the language. D) Cognitive decline prevents learning new sounds. Answer: B) Decline in motor skills affecting control of speech articulators after age 12. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 4: What is explication in the context of language learning? A) Understanding language rules through self-discovery. B) Explaining grammatical structures in the learner's native language. C) Acquiring language naturally without formal instruction. D) Learning pronunciation by mimicking native speakers. Answer: B) Explaining grammatical structures in the learner's native language. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 5: Which factor is not considered a basic psychological factor affecting second-language learning as discussed in the chapter? A) Intellectual processing. B) Memory. C) Motor skills. D) Cultural background. Answer: D) Cultural background. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 6: In a natural language learning situation, why do young children often outperform adults? A) They have a greater ability to understand grammatical explanations. B) They receive more explicit teaching from native speakers. C) They have better memory and more opportunities for language exposure. D) Adults are less motivated to learn a new language. Answer: C) They have better memory and more opportunities for language exposure. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 (Analyze topics and processes involved in first and second language acquisition.) Question 7: Which statement about the critical period for second-language syntax acquisition is supported by the chapter? A) There is a strict age cutoff after which syntax cannot be fully acquired. B) Adults can learn second-language syntax to near-native levels without a critical age barrier. C) Only children under 7 can fully acquire second-language syntax. D) Syntax learning is impossible after puberty due to cognitive decline. Answer: B) Adults can learn second-language syntax to near-native levels without a critical age barrier. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 8: What role does episodic memory play in second-language learning? A) It helps in memorizing vocabulary through repetition. B) It enables learners to recall language rules taught explicitly. C) It associates language with specific situations to aid in syntax learning. D) It declines significantly in children under 7 years old. Answer: C) It associates language with specific situations to aid in syntax learning. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 9: Why might older children outperform adults in second-language classroom settings? A) They have higher intellectual processing abilities for explication. B) Their memory and motor skills are still relatively high compared to adults. C) They benefit more from natural language exposure outside the classroom. D) Adults lack the motivation to study in classroom environments. Answer: B) Their memory and motor skills are still relatively high compared to adults. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 10: According to the chapter, which factor can help adults achieve native-like pronunciation in a second language despite age-related declines? A) Moving to a country where the language is spoken. B) High motivation and intensive pronunciation training. C) Focusing solely on grammar and vocabulary. D) Beginning language study before the age of 20. Answer: B) High motivation and intensive pronunciation training. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 11: According to the chapter, which psychological factor remains relatively high in adults and aids in second-language learning through analysis? A) Motor skills. B) Memory capacity. C) Inductive intellectual processing. D) Explicative processing. Answer: C) Inductive intellectual processing. Aligned CLOs: 2.1 (Apply various models of processes involved in speech perception, production, recognition, and acquisition in different contexts.) Question 12: In second-language acquisition, what is one reason young children may outperform adults in natural settings? A) They have higher ability for explicit grammatical analysis. B) They receive more formal instruction from native speakers. C) They have better memory and more exposure opportunities. D) They rely on explication rather than induction. Answer: C) They have better memory and more exposure opportunities. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 (Analyze topics and processes involved in first and second language acquisition.) Question 13: Which social factor affects second-language learning by providing language exposure similar to first-language acquisition? A) Classroom instruction. B) Natural situations. C) Language laboratories. D) Online learning platforms. Answer: B) Natural situations. Aligned CLOs: 2.4 (Examine the relationship between brain and language via different tools.) Question 14: The term "parallel play," as used in the chapter, refers to: A) Children playing alone but in the presence of other children. B) Adults engaging in language learning activities together. C) Students practicing dialogues in pairs in a classroom. D) Synchronized language drills among learners. Answer: A) Children playing alone but in the presence of other children. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 (List the major processes and issues involved in speech perception, word recognition, sentence processing, text interpretation, and reading and first/ second language acquisition.) Question 15: What does the chapter conclude about the critical period hypothesis regarding second-language syntax acquisition? A) There is a strict critical age after which syntax cannot be acquired. B) Adults cannot achieve native-like syntax in a second language. C) There is no critical age barrier; adults can learn syntax proficiently. D) Children must learn syntax before puberty to achieve proficiency. Answer: C) There is no critical age barrier; adults can learn syntax proficiently. Aligned CLOs: 2.2 (Evaluate psycholinguistic theories applications in different contexts.) Question 16: Which factor is cited in the chapter as contributing to an adult's ability to achieve native-like pronunciation in a second language? A) Starting language learning before age 7. B) High motivation and intensive pronunciation training. C) Living exclusively in an EFL context. D) Focusing on grammar rather than pronunciation. Answer: B) High motivation and intensive pronunciation training. Aligned CLOs: 2.2 Question 17: In the context of the chapter, "explicative processing" refers to: A) Learning through self-discovery and analysis. B) Applying known grammatical rules without explanation. C) Understanding language rules through explicit explanations. D) Memorizing phrases without understanding. Answer: C) Understanding language rules through explicit explanations. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 18: What is one reason adults may not benefit as much as children from natural language learning situations? A) Adults have less capacity for induction. B) Adults often lack opportunities for meaningful interactions in the target language. C) Adults cannot remember new vocabulary. D) Adults prefer formal classroom settings. Answer: B) Adults often lack opportunities for meaningful interactions in the target language. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 19: According to the chapter, which age group is most likely to excel in a classroom language learning environment? A) Children under 7 years old. B) Children between 7 and 12 years old. C) Adults over 12 years old. D) There is no difference among age groups. Answer: B) Children between 7 and 12 years old. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 20: Which of the following statements aligns with the chapter's findings about memory and second-language learning? A) Adults have superior memory capabilities for language learning. B) Memory declines with age, affecting vocabulary acquisition. C) Memory plays a minimal role in language learning. D) Memory improves with age, aiding adult learners. Answer: B) Memory declines with age, affecting vocabulary acquisition. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 21: What does the chapter suggest about the role of motivation in adult language learners? A) Adults always have higher motivation than children. B) Motivation is irrelevant in language learning. C) High motivation can compensate for declines in other areas. D) Only intrinsic motivation affects learning outcomes. Answer: C) High motivation can compensate for declines in other areas. Aligned CLOs: 3.1 (Carry out research in psycholinguistics that adheres to academic ethical principles.) Question 22: In the chapter, which age group is said to have a "Medium/High" level of Motor Skills? A) Children under 7. B) Children 7 to 12. C) Adults over 12. D) Infants under 2. Answer: B) Children 7 to 12. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 23: Which of the following best explains why children under 7 might struggle in traditional language classrooms? A) They have low inductive reasoning skills. B) They have difficulty adjusting to group learning processes. C) Their memory capacity is insufficient for learning. D) They have fully developed motor skills. Answer: B) They have difficulty adjusting to group learning processes. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 24: Why is inductive learning critical in natural language acquisition settings? A) It relies on memorization of explicit rules provided by teachers. B) It allows learners to derive language rules from exposure and context. C) It depends on repetitive drilling of language structures. D) It is less effective than explicative learning in natural settings. Answer: B) It allows learners to derive language rules from exposure and context. Aligned CLOs: 2.1 Question 25: What is one reason older children (7-12 years old) may have an advantage over adults in second-language pronunciation? A) They have more advanced explicative processing skills. B) Their motor skills for articulation are still relatively flexible. C) They have higher levels of inductive reasoning. D) They are less likely to experience social inhibition. Answer: B) Their motor skills for articulation are still relatively flexible. Aligned CLOs: 2.4 Question 26: According to the chapter, which learning situation is most beneficial for young children acquiring a second language? A) A formal classroom with explicit grammar instruction. B) Natural exposure in social contexts like play. C) Structured online language courses. D) Intensive vocabulary memorization sessions. Answer: B) Natural exposure in social contexts like play. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 27: What psychological factor is most associated with the ability to learn and retain new vocabulary in a second language? A) Motor skills. B) Inductive processing. C) Rote memory. D) Explicative reasoning. Answer: C) Rote memory. Aligned CLOs: 1.2 Question 28: Which of the following implications can be drawn from the chapter regarding the design of language learning programs for adults? A) Programs should focus exclusively on natural language exposure. B) Emphasis should be placed on explicit grammar instruction and pronunciation training. C) Learning should mimic first language acquisition methods. D) Adults should only learn vocabulary and avoid complex syntax. Answer: B) Emphasis should be placed on explicit grammar instruction and pronunciation training. Aligned CLOs: 2.2 Question 29: The chapter suggests that negative attitudes towards a language can have what effect on second-language acquisition? A) It can enhance motivation to learn due to challenge. B) It has no significant impact on the learning process. C) It can impair memory and reduce language acquisition efficiency. D) It primarily affects vocabulary learning but not grammar. Answer: C) It can impair memory and reduce language acquisition efficiency. Aligned CLOs: 2.3 Question 30: What does the chapter indicate about the role of first language similarity in second-language acquisition? A) It was not discussed as a significant factor. B) It can cause negative transfer and hinder learning. C) It always facilitates easier learning of the second language. D) It has no effect on second-language acquisition. Answer: A) It was not discussed as a significant factor. Aligned CLOs: 2.2 Question 1: What is a common belief about children learning a second language? A) They are slower than adults. B) They are better than adults. C) They need formal education. D) They only learn through induction. Correct Answer: B) They are better than adults. Question 2: What are the two main factors affecting second-language acquisition? A) Cultural and emotional B) Psychological and social C) Linguistic and historical D) Cognitive and contextual Correct Answer: B) Psychological and social Question 3: What does "explication" in language learning refer to? A) Learning through observation B) Explaining language rules in the learner's native language C) Memorizing vocabulary through repetition D) Practicing language with native speakers Correct Answer: B) Explaining language rules in the learner's native language Question 4: Why can't a language be entirely learned through explication? A) It is too time-consuming. B) Not all language rules have been discovered and documented. C) Learners resist this method. D) It is only suitable for young learners. Correct Answer: B) Not all language rules have been discovered and documented. Question 5: What is the primary method young children use to acquire language? A) Explication B) Induction C) Memorization D) Instruction Correct Answer: B) Induction Question 6: What is episodic memory's role in language learning? A) Memorizing rules for spelling B) Retaining context for language usage C) Remembering the order of grammar lessons D) Analyzing unfamiliar accents Correct Answer: B) Retaining context for language usage Question 7: What happens to memory ability as children grow older? A) It improves significantly after age 12. B) It declines steadily after age 7. C) It remains constant. D) It peaks in adulthood. Correct Answer: B) It declines steadily after age 7. Question 8: Which of the following skills decline after the age of 12? A) Intellectual reasoning B) Motor skills C) Memory for vocabulary D) Inductive learning Correct Answer: B) Motor skills Question 9: What aspect of language learning benefits from motivation in older children and adults? A) Grammar comprehension B) Classroom participation C) Vocabulary acquisition D) All of the above Correct Answer: D) All of the above Question 10: Why do adults typically perform better than children in classroom settings? A) They have superior memory. B) They are better at rote learning. C) They adapt well to formal learning environments. D) They have more exposure to language. Correct Answer: C) They adapt well to formal learning environments. Question 14: Is there evidence for a critical age for learning second-language syntax? A) Yes, it ends at puberty. B) No, adults can achieve native-level syntax. C) It only applies to pronunciation. D) It varies by individual motivation. Correct Answer: B) No, adults can achieve native-level syntax. Question 21: What is a major limitation of induction for adult learners? A) Adults cannot analyze language structures. B) Induction requires extensive exposure and context. C) Adults lack memory skills to retain rules. D) Induction depends entirely on rote memorization. Correct Answer: B) Induction requires extensive exposure and context. Question 22: How is episodic memory important in learning politeness structures? A) It links phrases to specific grammar rules. B) It memorizes isolated phrases without context. C) It connects phrases to situational interactions. D) It eliminates the need for explicit teaching. Correct Answer: C) It connects phrases to situational interactions. Question 23: Why is explication less effective for younger children? A) They lack sufficient exposure to language. B) Their cognitive skills are not developed enough for abstract concepts. C) They depend entirely on episodic memory. D) Explication does not teach pronunciation. Correct Answer: B) Their cognitive skills are not developed enough for abstract concepts. Question 28: What role does attitude play in second-language learning? A) It affects motivation but not memory. B) A negative attitude can impair learning and focus. C) Attitude is irrelevant in natural situations. D) Positive attitudes eliminate the need for teaching. Correct Answer: B) A negative attitude can impair learning and focus. Question 29: What did studies find about late learners achieving accentless pronunciation? A) It is impossible for late learners. B) It is possible with high motivation and training. C) It depends solely on exposure to the target language. D) It only applies to learners under 15 years old. Correct Answer: B) It is possible with high motivation and training.